Feature Stories, Vietnam

Knife in a Gunfight

A Knife in a Gunfight

The Marine Who Defied

All Odds in Vietnam

By Kyle Watts     2/1/2023

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Guns up

     Lance Corporal James Stogner tiptoed across the open rice paddy. Darkness veiled the crop of thatch-roofed huts behind a tree line at the paddy’s edge. The setting sun vanished, fleeing with every perceivable trace of light on its heels. James fumbled with the plastic rifle in his hands, feeling for the selector switch. He clicked it down from safe to semi-auto. One click further brought his weapon into full automatic. Eli stood only yards away but was nowhere in sight. How were they supposed to get their machine gun up quickly? A muffled hush sped up the line of Marines strung out to his left. The whispered order skipped past James and continued down the line.

     “Fix bayonets!”

     Fix bayonets? James didn’t even have a bayonet for his new rifle. The Ka-bar knife hanging at his side would not attach. What kind of cluster fuck were they getting into?

     The paddy appeared less than 100 yards wide in the twilight, but an eternity passed creeping on line through the darkness. Time halted when an artillery round raced through the sky.

     “Aww shit.”

     James and every other combat vet from 1st Battalion, 9th Marines immediately recognized the telltale sound. It was not the high explosives they hoped would plaster the village in the tree line. Instead, the sound heralded an incoming illumination round. James squatted in the dirt and raised his rifle. The illumination popped overhead, bathing the paddy in 450,000 candle power of eerie yellow light. An officer screamed at the top of his lungs as chaos erupted across the field.

     “GUNS UP!!!”

A machine gunner and his assistant fire at the enemy during Operation Chinook, Feb. 21, 1967. USMC History Division.

The Walking Dead

     Less than two years earlier, James arrived at Parris Island on the morning of his 17th birthday. He trained as a recoilless rifle gunner following boot camp, then received orders to Vietnam. He arrived on Okinawa with a large batch of fresh troops in October 1966. He toured the spaces of his new unit, “Charlie” Company, 1/9. The battalion recently pulled out of Vietnam. He immediately picked out the combat-hardened veterans who had been in country. There were so few of them. James could not have known the battalion was virtually half the size it had been when it arrived in Vietnam the month before he stood on the yellow footprints.

     1/9 lost their first KIA three days after landing in Vietnam. Things only got worse from there. Rumor had it that 1/9 killed Ho Chi Minh’s nephew, and he swore vengeance. Marines heard an entire North Vietnamese Army division was specifically assigned the task of annihilating 1/9. In 16 months of continuous combat, the battalion suffered over 120 KIA, and many times that wounded. Someone christened the Marines as, “the Walking Dead.” The haunting nickname stuck. The survivors returned to Okinawa in October 1966 to regroup.

     James located a senior enlisted Marine to learn where 1st Platoon was housed. The Marine informed James that he was being reclassified as a machine gunner and assigned him to a gun team. James searched out his squad and introduced himself to his team leader, Lance Corporal Elijah Fobbs.

     Eli joined 1/9 while the battalion was still in country. Despite graduating boot camp several months after James, and holding the same rank, Eli was a machine gunner by trade with experience that earned his spot as the team leader. James bonded easily with Eli when he learned they shared the same home state back in the world. Eli spoke with a thick Georgian accent. His signature southern drawl proved nearly unintelligible to a Yankee. To James, however, Eli sounded like home.

18-year-old James Stogner (left), and 19-year-old Elijah Fobbs (right) prior to deploying to combat in Vietnam. Both fought in the same machine gun team with Charlie Co, 1st Battalion, 9th Marines. Courtesy of Linda Brown.

     Without formal schooling on the M60 medium machine gun, James assumed the duties of the ammo humper. Standing over six feet tall and weighing less than 140 pounds, the extra 800 rounds of belted ammo and tripod draped over James nearly obscured his entire frame. After two months of waiting, he packed his gear and prepared to go into combat.

     The Walking Dead landed back in Vietnam in January, 1967. They hustled north toward the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The battalion’s luck remained unchanged as casualties mounted. James rapidly evolved into a combat-hardened veteran. In three months, he survived more firefights than he could count. On March 24th, Charlie Co swept through the village of Phu An. James’s platoon ran into an ambush and the Marines dropped down to open fire. Eli’s shouts for more ammo rose above the din of rounds zipping over James’s head. He ran toward Eli’s blazing M60. His feet tangled in barbed wire and he toppled down. As James threw an ammo belt toward Eli, a grenade exploded nearby. Shrapnel peppered the back of his legs and butt. After the Marines finally fought through the ambush, a corpsman patched up James’s wounds and sent him back to the line. A medevac was deemed unnecessary for James’s first Purple Heart.

Marines from Charlie Co, 1/9, move through a swamp during Operation Chinook II on Feb. 27, 1967. LCpl James Stogner is the 4th man back, with his hands on his chest. USMC History Division.

     The battalion returned to the rear on March 28th. Through attrition, officers appointed Sergeant Dave Mullins as the section leader over Eli’s gun team. Mullins was instructed to have his Marines report to the armory and hand in their M14 rifles. When James reached the front of the line, he hesitantly turned over his beloved weapon. In exchange, he received a black, plastic toy.

     “What the hell is this?”

     “That’s the new M16,” replied the armorer. “They say it’s space-age technology. The bullet is smaller, but hits harder.”

     Every third Marine given the rifle also received a cleaning rod. The armorers explained they did not have enough for everyone. Supposedly, the rifles were self-cleaning and the kits should not be necessary.

     Mullins led his section to a nearby trash dump for familiarization firing. Instructors passed each Marine two full magazines. James fiddled with the rifle, then burned through the ammo in seconds. The introduction to his new weapon would have to suffice. No further range time was afforded to test the rifles or train the Marines. Less than a week later, the Walking Dead moved out again on Operation Big Horn.

RVN Collection

Gear Inspired by Vietnam Veterans.

The Otters

     James donned his M16, twelve full magazines, three full canteens, 800 rounds of machine gun ammo, tripod, pack, flack jacket, helmet, first aid kit, and Ka-bar. He stuffed his cargo pockets full of C-rations, then fell in behind Eli. By now, the burden was second nature to him. Over three months of combat took a toll, whittling nearly 30 pounds off James’s slender frame. Company C started walking in the afternoon of April 4th and did not stop until nearly dawn the following morning. At first light, the operation officially commenced. The Walking Dead swept through their area of operation seeking contact with an estimated battalion of North Vietnamese Army soldiers.

     The day proved uneventful for Charlie Co. After finding and destroying several mines, the Marines dropped their packs and set up a perimeter. The sun dipped low in the sky as two M76 “Otters” rolled into the position. The Marines welcomed the chow and ammo the resupply vehicles carried. James sat on his pack and opened a container of C-rations as the Otters cranked to life and sped off.

A M76 “Otter” resupply vehicle in Vietnam. These tracked vehicles were employed often when weather or other factors prevented helicopters from carrying out the resupply mission. USMC History Division.

     A commotion in the distance swiveled the head of every Marine as they cooked their rations. Small arms and machine gun fire erupted somewhere out of sight. The cacophony rose in the direction the resupply vehicles traveled out of Charlie’s perimeter. Sgt Mullins suddenly appeared.

     “Eli, get your gun crew up and ready to move out. The Otters got ambushed and we’re going to help them. Leave your packs, just grab your guns. We need to move now.”

     James shoveled another bite of food in his mouth, then gathered his gear. Company C stepped off in the direction of the gun fire. Several clicks away, the resupply convoy took a beating from a large NVA force. Marines fought back with M16s and a single .50 caliber machine gun mounted to the top of one vehicle. The NVA disabled one Otter, wounded eight Marines, and killed two. Rather than surrounding and eliminating the resupply vehicles, the NVA mysteriously melted away.

     The grunts double-timed to reach the Otters. The gunfight abruptly ceased somewhere still in the distance. The vehicles backed into a tall ditch for cover. When they came into sight, Charlie Co surrounded the ditch with rifles at the ready.

     “God, are we glad to see you guys!” shouted one of the resupply Marines to Charlie Co as they ran by. “I’m almost out of ammo!”

     “You guys got any cleaning rods?” called another. “These damned M16s are all jammed up!”

     “We don’t have cleaning rods either!” a grunt shouted as he hit the deck near the ditch and scanned his field of fire. “What the hell happened?”

     “The gooks ambushed us! They took off toward that village over there! There’s a bunch of them!”

     The Marine pointed across a large, dried-up rice paddy towards a small village nestled behind a tree line. James knelt over his rifle and took it all in. More than 50 yards of open ground spanned the gap between the ditch and the tree line. Small clumps of brush popped up here and there, but the terrain offered zero cover outside the ditch where the resupply vehicles took shelter.

     Captain Reed, the Charlie Co Commander, called his command group and unit leaders together. Sgt Mullins joined the meeting to hear the captain’s plan. In order to secure the area and medevac the wounded resupply crew, 1st and 2nd platoons would sweep on line across the rice paddy toward the village. 3rd platoon would remain in reserve in the ditch. The command group’s artillery Forward Observer recommended he pummel the village with high explosive rounds before they swept through. Reed refused the request. Further argument by the FO failed to change the captain’s mind. Reed organized his command group in line with the advancing platoons.

A Shootout in The bedroom

     James set off less than 20 yards away from Eli. Pitch black darkness enveloped the rice paddy as they advanced. No moon or stars pierced the overcast sky. No ambient light reflected.

     “It was truly the darkest dark I have ever seen in my life,” remembered Mullins. “I haven’t seen anything like it before or since.”

     The hushed order to fix bayonets jacked up James’s heart rate, rushing blood through his veins and ringing in his ears. The artillery illumination round shrieked in overhead. Twenty yards away from James, another of his friends, LCpl Ted Van Meeteren, recognized the sound and dropped to a knee. The flare popped and yellow light flooded the rice paddy. Before his eyes adjusted, Van Meeteren heard a terrible rushing sound, getting louder and louder. He felt the heat as a Rocket Propelled Grenade whizzed past his head and detonated in the paddy behind him. Light revealed the village, now less than 20 yards away. Captain Reed and the command group were bunched up in front of Van Meeteren. The captain yelled, “Guns up!” and sprinted towards the tree line as muzzle flashes appeared across their entire front.

     An NVA soldier sprung out of a spider hole directly in front of the command group. He unloaded an entire magazine as he worked his way down the line, dropping one Marine after another. Van Meeteren watched in horror as his entire company command was wiped out in seconds. Steel pot helmets shot from heads and flew through the air. Shreds of flesh and flack jacket showered down around him. The newest member of Van Meeteren’s fire team, with only 5 days in country, stood nearby like a deer the headlights. Bullets passing through the command group struck him in the head, killing him instantly.

     Van Meeteren shouldered his M16 and fired at the muzzle flashes coming from the village. His second round failed to eject, and the following round crammed the spent casing into the barrel. He jabbed his fingers through the ejection port, struggling in vain to claw out the stuck brass. If only he had a damn cleaning rod to punch it out. He inched his body lower. Around the rice paddy, Van Meeteren witnessed several Marines with cleaning rods attempting to use them. They lay on the ground jamming the rods down the barrels of their M16s. It looked like a scene from the Revolutionary War; them fighting with muzzle-loaded single shots, while the NVA chewed them to pieces with machine guns. Some of the Marines’ M60s fired up in response. Green and red tracers crisscrossed all around Van Meeteren and over his head.

     “It was just a madhouse,” Van Meeteren reflected today. “The only way I can describe it is like a shootout in your bedroom with a couple hundred guys.”

From left to right, Ted Van Meeteren, Elijah Fobbs, and James Stogner, in 2021 at a ceremony presenting Eli with the Prisoner of War Medal for his period of captivity on Apr. 5, 1967. Courtesy of Linda Brown.

Chaos in the darkness

     When the flare popped overhead, James raised his M16, ready for whatever the light might reveal. One moment, absolute darkness surrounded him. An instant later, three NVA soldiers appeared, standing right in front of him. Were they lost? Were they coming out of the tree line to meet the Marines in the open? James squeezed the trigger. All three fell dead before his magazine ran empty. His brain caught up with his instinct and processed the utter chaos surrounding him. Eli opened up with the M60 a few yards away. Barely seconds after the lights came on, an overwhelming volume of fire swelled across the field. Dead and dying Marines lay everywhere, intermingled with dead and dying NVA.

     James located a fresh magazine and ejected the spent one. AK-47 bullets snapped past his head. Suddenly, his rifle bucked from his hands and smashed into his face, knocking James onto his back. When the daze wore off, James brought his hands to his face. Blood rushed from his disfigured nose. He found his rifle on the ground and tried again to insert the new magazine. Two enemy bullets had stuck the rifle and destroyed the magazine well. It was completely useless.

     The flare burned out and darkness ruled the night once more. Eli maintained an insane rate of fire. His barrel glowed red hot, the brightest light in the darkness. James scoured the ground for a weapon to replace his destroyed M16. He had no luck. He unsheathed his Ka-bar and held it ready. Shadows rose and passed all around. Were they Marines? More NVA? No way to tell. Any time shots rang out, a shower of NVA grenades followed. In the pauses between Eli’s fire, screams filled the void. Wounded men lay across the field, crying for a corpsman and screaming in pain. At some point, James realized Eli’s gun had gone silent.

     Van Meeteren hunkered down beneath the tracer rounds, explosions, and screams filling the air. A muffled sound stirred the dirt in front of him.

     “They’re dead! They’re all dead!”

     The company radioman dragged himself through the rice paddy, dazed and severely wounded. Van Meeteren was shocked to see him alive, believing he had been killed with Captain Reed and the remainder of the command group. He intercepted the radioman and assisted him to the ditch where a casualty collection point formed. Van Meeteren turned around and ran back through the darkness. Out of nowhere, he collided head on with another person running in the opposite direction. Van Meeteren stumbled and fell. The other person toppled hard to the ground behind him. Should he say something? What if it was an enemy soldier? Without exchanging a single word or shot, both combatants rose and sprinted in opposite directions.

     Van Meeteren ran until he came across a large bush. He crawled inside and silently waited out his adrenaline high. Suddenly, more footsteps approached. Two people entered the bush with him. Van Meeteren’s heart raced. He had come a long way, close to where the remainder of his squad should be. These must be more Marines. He inhaled to whisper to his squad mates. His drawing breath picked up the scent of rotten fish. Van Meeteren smelled it plenty of times before, always on dead NVA. It was the damn sauce they always put on their rice. A quick flash of light illuminated the bush. The unmistakable front sight post of an AK-47 hung in the air six inches in front of Van Meeteren’s face, angled away and down toward the ground. The image seared in his vision as the darkness returned. Before he could decide what to do, the two NVA soldiers whispered something back and forth, then shot out of the bush in another direction. Van Meeteren silently cursed the night and moved to locate the rest of his squad.

A knife in a gunfight

     James remained in place, Ka-bar in hand. Shadows passed around in the darkness. The intense firing ceased. Several yards away, a wounded Marine moaned and struggled in pain.

     “No, no, no!!”

     A single shot rang out. The Marine went silent. Muffled Vietnamese chatter accompanied the rustle of gear and weapons.

     “Jesus, they’re executing the wounded.”

     Heavy, gear-laden footsteps departed toward the village. Another NVA soldier remained in the paddy, moving closer. Another single shot pierced the dark. James flinched so hard he feared the enemy soldier would hear. Sweat trickled down his brow as rage swelled inside. He squeezed the Ka-bar hard. Steps came near. The madness had to end.

     James coiled like a snake preparing to strike. He latched onto the passing enemy soldier. His left hand felt around in the darkness. An arm. A chest. The softer stomach. His right hand followed with the blade, slashing and stabbing wherever it landed. It ended in seconds. James lay on the ground next to the body. He could not see the results of his action, but the rich smell of blood filled his nose. Another shot rang out. James crawled towards it. More unintelligible chatter and footsteps approached. One soldier came close. James dragged the enemy to the ground and plunged the Ka-bar into him. When the scuffle ended, James heard rapid footsteps carrying away the other enemy soldier.

     Periodic shots continued in the dark. Any time an American weapon went off, the NVA followed with grenades. More footsteps suddenly approached. More chatter. The smell of rotten fish. James prepared to launch. He grabbed the NVA soldier’s leg as he passed, wrestled him to the ground, and stabbed him to death. When he was sure the soldier was dead, James crawled away. Tracers passed overhead. An M16 went off several yards away. As soon as it stopped, grenades exploded. James crawled further. Moans and screams from the wounded filled his ears.

     “Stogner! Stogner!”

     James froze in the dirt. Were his ears tricking him? Was someone yelling his name?

     “Stogner! STTTOOOOGGGNNNEEERRRR!” 

     The shouts came from the rear toward the ditch. Through all the chaos, why would someone be calling for him? Somebody must have cracked. 

     “Where are you?? Stogner! Stogner!!”

     “WHAT??” James screamed.

     “What’s goin’ on out there?”

     “I’M FIGHTING A FUCKING WAR!!!” 

     The outburst exploded from James’s mouth before he could suppress it. Had he cracked? It was the most screwed up night in a screwed up war he’d ever seen. How would any of them survive? A dull thud hit the ground in front of him. James rolled away as the grenade exploded. Everything turned silent and black.

Curse and Holler

     When he came to, James had no idea how long he’d been unconscious. A splitting headache raged from the grenade’s concussion. His hand still clutched the Ka-bar. Periodic screams and gunfire still filled the air. As the daze wore off, something different rose above the din.

     “FUCK you, ya gook son of a bitch! I’ll kill you, gook bastard!” 

     A long, intense scream followed the curses. More profanities followed, and more screams after that. James immediately recognized the southern drawl. It was Eli. His screams emerged from the village. James crawled closer. He came across Eli’s assistant machine gunner, lying wounded where their gun went down.

     “They took Eli, and the gun!” 

     Eli’s screams echoed louder. James witnessed the NVA executing Marines in the rice paddy. Why did they carry Eli away and keep him alive? This night contained enough horrors. James refused to accept his friend being tortured.

     “I’m going after Eli. If I don’t come back, I love ya.”

     James crawled through the tree line into the village. In a dim light, he saw Eli on the ground. Four NVA stood over him. Two soldiers yelled at Eli. He yelled back as loud as he could until one of the soldiers kicked him. Another grabbed a stick and jabbed it into a large, bloody hole in Eli’s leg. Eli screamed louder. The soldier left the stick protruding from the wound, grabbed another, and stabbed into more open wounds. 

     “They were screaming at me and the only thing I could do was curse and holler, curse and holler,” Eli recalled of the night. “All the sudden, Stogner come in like a wild man and went to cuttin’. I don’t know how he did it. All I know? Out of four of ‘em, four of ‘em dead.”

     One of the soldiers walked away from the group, directly towards the bush where James hid from sight. When he approached, James snatched the NVA into the bush and cut open his throat. A second enemy soldier inexplicably followed in the same direction. James silently dispatched him alongside the first. The final two enemy remained over Eli, toying with him. James erupted. No training could prepare someone for this. He charged from the bush, covered in blood.

     “AAAAAARRRHHHHHHHHHHHH!” 

     His war cry drowned out all the gunfire, grenades, and screams. Before the NVA knew what was happening, James pounced. The nearest soldier turned. James plunged the Ka-bar into his chest. He yanked on the knife as the soldier fell, but the blade remained lodged in the soldier’s sternum. James let go and rushed the final enemy. He overpowered the soldier, wrapping his bare hands around the man’s neck. When the soldier stopped moving, James released his grip. He returned to the other dead NVA and retrieved his Ka-bar, using his foot against the man’s chest to provide leverage. He scooped Eli up onto his shoulder, grabbed the stolen M60, and took off. Tracers flew all around as a swell of fire from the village poured on. Grenades flung up the earth behind the two Marines as James outran their explosions. Miraculously, James pointed himself in the right direction before darting out of the village. Adrenaline carried him across the rice paddy. Another miracle spared him from getting shot by either the NVA or the Marines. James finally stumbled into the ditch. 

     “They took my gun! They took my gun!”

     Eli repeated the words over and over, as if he had not yet realized James rescued him and his machine gun. James handed off Eli, who received immediate medical treatment.

Elijah Fobbs at his home later in life. Eli survived his tour in Vietnam with the “Walking Dead,” receiving 3 Purple Hearts and, eventually, the Prisoner of War Medal. Courtesy of Linda Brown.

Stogner really did this

       At some point, the night went quiet. Was everyone in the paddy dead? The NVA did not try to overrun the ditch. They must have pulled out. The first hint of dawn finally appeared. A thick ground fog, taller than a man, replaced the receding darkness.

     “Alpha Company’s coming through, don’t shoot!”

     James turned towards rustling footsteps. Marines appeared through the mist. They seemed an apparition, materializing from the fog. As they passed the ditch, they handed out ammo. Some Marines asked for cleaning rods, some for new rifles altogether.

     Medevac choppers landed. James helped Eli aboard a chopper that whisked him away to a hospital ship. With a broken nose, concussion, and shrapnel wounds, James eventually boarded a medevac bound for a hospital in the rear. Chopper after chopper landed to evacuate the night’s casualties. Virtually all of James’s 1st Platoon lay dead or wounded. In total, 21 Marines died that night, and over 30 were wounded.

     Van Meeteren returned to the ditch once Alpha came through. The company Gunny approached.

     “Did you hear what Stogner did?”

     “What do you mean?”

     “He went out there and killed them with his knife.”

     “Aw bullshit Gunny, no way.”

     “It’s true. Go out there and see for yourself. Start gathering up any gear left out there while you’re at it.”

     He climbed the ditch and made his way back into the paddy. Bodies of Marines and NVA littered the ground. He came across an abandoned M16. A round was stuck in the chamber. Several yards away, another M16 lay partially disassembled with a cleaning rod stuffed down the barrel. He found the spot where he had been when the flare lit up the night. The rifle belonging to the new member of his fire team lay on the ground, still loaded. The Marine’s body was gone. His rifle was the only working M16 Van Meeteren found across the field. He never even had a chance to fire it.

     He came across the body of a dead NVA soldier. Quickly looking over the corpse, Van Meeteren discovered no wounds. Coming closer, he noticed a single stab wound through an eye socket. He kept walking. He found another enemy soldier, stabbed to death. When he entered the village, Alpha Co Marines were stacking bodies of the dead NVA.

     “Hey, you guys find any that looked like they were killed with a knife?”

     “Yeah, a couple over there looked like they were cut up pretty bad.”

     Van Meeteren walked in the direction they pointed. He spotted two booted feet sticking out from under a bush. He grabbed ahold of each ankle and pulled. No wounds revealed themselves as he dragged the body into the open. When the head appeared, Van Meeteren saw two long gashes across the soldier’s throat. He paused.

     “My God. Stogner really did this.”

     Sgt Mullins walked the area checking on the survivors. Multiple Marines recounted pieces of James and Eli’s nightmare ordeal. Mullins determined to get the story straight. He eventually gathered seven Marines, all painting the same picture; Stogner stopped the NVA who were executing the wounded and rescued Eli. Mullins decided James deserved some kind of award for his heroism. He drafted a citation on the side of a C-ration box and signed it alongside the seven Marines who corroborated the story. He gave the scrap of cardboard to an officer, who promptly dismissed the award as insignificant compared to the stacks of dead bodies he was trying to get off the field. Unknown to Mullins, several days later, the officer stepped on a landmine, taking with him any hope for James’s award.

Dave Mullins (middle left) and Eli Fobbs (middle right) sit in the front row at James Stogner’s award ceremony on Apr. 5, 2019, listening to an account of the events they experienced in Vietnam 52 years earlier. Sgt Warren Smith, USMC.

03 Series

Inspired by the Marine Infantry.

The Lasting trauma

     Following his recovery, James returned to the front lines. He did not return to the Walking Dead, however. Instead, the powers that be sent him to Lima Co, 3/26. He saw more combat with his new unit, and finally left Vietnam in October 1967. His family back in Georgia struggled to understand why the 19-year-old looked like a skeleton, weighing only 98 pounds. James kept quiet about the things he’d experienced. He decided there were things that “normal” people couldn’t handle and would not believe anyway. He reenlisted, serving three and a half years at Marine Barracks, London. He spent his last year at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. He left active duty in June 1973.

     As with many Walking Dead veterans returning from Vietnam, James’s life-long battle with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder began as soon as he came home.

     “We came back from Vietnam and we drank a lot. I guess we were trying to replace that adrenaline high,” James reflected. “There ain’t a drug in the world that compares to coming into a hot LZ on a CH-46. You never really get over PTSD. Certain sights, certain smells, just set it off.”

James Stogner with his cousins at home, shortly after returning from his combat tour in Vietnam. Courtesy of James Stogner.

     James struggled to maintain stability. He earned the rank of sergeant three times before he left active duty, but lost his extra stripe each time for getting into some kind of fight. As a civilian, he cycled through as many as ten jobs per year as symptoms of PTSD surfaced and drove him away or got him fired. He sought help from the VA while enduring his first divorce. He tried explaining the things he’d seen and done to a doctor. The white-coated man sat opposite James, listening, and taking notes.

     “I understand exactly what you’re going through,” the doctor replied.

     “You’ve been in combat?”

     “Well, no.”

     “Then you’ve been in the military, at least.”

     “No, I haven’t.”

     “Well then how the fuck can you understand exactly what I’m going through?!”

Finally recognized

     Nearly 40 years passed until James finally reconnected with someone who could understand the events that changed his life. In 2006, James attended a Walking Dead reunion in Branson, Mo. Ted Van Meeteren also attended.

     “Did you ever get your medal?” asked Van Meeteren.

     “What medal?”

     “For April 5th.”

     “I got a Purple Heart, but that’s it.”

     Following the reunion, Van Meeteren resolved to see James recognized for his heroism. He wrote up the paperwork for a Congressional Medal of Honor and submitted everything through his congressman.

     At the same time, James’s new-found reconnection inspired him. A year after the reunion, James finally located Eli. He still lived in Georgia. James called Eli and resumed their friendship as abruptly as it had ended in April 1967. Living in Texas at the time, James planned to visit Eli while enroute to the next 1/9 reunion in Washington, D.C. Nearly three years later, in 2010, James and Eli embraced in Eli’s driveway. It was the first time James saw Eli since he helped load him on the helicopter the morning after their night of hell.

James Stogner and Eli Fobbs reunite at Eli’s home in 2010. This was the first time the two friends saw each other since James helped load Eli onto a medevac chopper on Apr. 6, 1967. Courtesy of James Stogner.

     While they regained their friendship, Van Meeteren bogged down in the bureaucracy of military awards. He enlisted the help of Linda Brown, a former taxpayer advocate for the IRS, who single-handedly cut through mountains of red tape. Together with Captain Wallace Dixon, Charlie Co’s Executive Officer in April 1967, and Lieutenant General Frank Libutti, a legendary Marine from Walking Dead lore, they continued fighting. The Marine Corps finally reached a decision on James’s award after a decade of delays. His recommended Medal of Honor was downgraded to the 2nd highest medal for valor a Marine can achieve, the Navy Cross. On April 5, 2019, 52 years after his heroic actions, James finally received the formal recognition for his heroism. The ceremony took place in James’s home state of Montana.

James Stogner received the Navy Cross 52 years to the day after his heroic actions in Vietnam. His award was submitted for the Medal of Honor, but downgraded by the Pentagon. Sgt Warren Smith, USMC.

     “The award that Cpl Stogner will receive today is long overdue,” said U.S. Senator Steven Daines in his opening comments. “Anyone who knew Jim or heard about his story would agree that his actions deserved this high honor. Some might say that it should be made into a movie.”

     Survivors from Charlie Co, including Eli, filled the front row to witness General Libutti present James with the Navy Cross. The ceremony ended with a final roll call, reading out the names of each Marine killed in action on April 5, 1967.

LtGen Frank Libutti, USMC (RET), presented James Stogner with the Navy Cross on Apr. 5, 2019, 52 years after his heroic actions. Sgt Warren Smith, USMC.

Lasting friendship

     In the years since James and Eli reconnected, they remained good friends. They spoke on the phone several times a week and met up at 1/9 reunions across the country.

     “There ain’t a damn thing I won’t do for him, and I’ll kill anybody that messes with him, just like that,” Eli told the author in 2019. “You can be black, brown, blue, white, or whatever. Don’t mess with James Stogner! If it wasn’t for Stogner, I wouldn’t be here today.”

     On May 26, 2022, Eli passed away in hospice care at the age of 75. James spoke with him a final time two days before Eli’s death. After his passing, James immediately made arrangements to attend the funeral. He couldn’t allow his brother to pass on without fellow Leathernecks there to pay tribute. James packed his car and drove 2500 miles one way from Montana back to Georgia. Several hundred people crowded the venue, including four other Walking Dead survivors. Eli’s family greeted them like guests of honor and asked James to provide the eulogy.

     “I knew two Eli’s,” he began, looking at a photo of Eli in dress blues on the front of the funeral program. “He was the fiercest soul I ever met. He was a warrior, and the best machine gunner in Charlie Company.”

     James flipped the program over, bringing into view a photograph of Eli later in life.

     “The other Eli was the gentlest soul I ever met. He lived a good life. We were friends for over 50 years.”

James Stogner and Elijah Fobbs at a 1/9 reunion in Wilmington, N.C., in 2014. The reunion group also attended the deactivation ceremony of their battalion on Camp Lejeune. Courtesy of James Stogner.

epilogue: The best I could with what i had

     The scars James and his brothers wear from Vietnam, visible and invisible, can only be truly shared with each other. April 5, 1967 proved just one night of hell amongst many for the Walking Dead. In nearly 4 years of continuous combat, the battalion suffered the highest killed-in-action rate of any battalion in Marine Corps history.

     “Every year when those anniversary dates come up, I know something is wrong,” reflected Dave Mullins. “It’s just something that doesn’t go away, something that’s hard to talk about. Most of these things are buried in my mind. I have to go back in and search all the doors to open them and let it out.”

     Today, James stays close to the remaining survivors from the 1/9, attending reunions and keeping in touch over the phone regularly.

     “The guys always joke with me now. They say I’m the only person they ever knew who took a knife to a gun fight and won. When my M16 got hit, all I had left was my Ka-bar. I just did the best I could with what I had.”

Originally published in Leatherneck Magazine, February 2023.


For additional information, and to hear Jim in his own words, watch the below video.

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Feature Stories, Vietnam

One-Man Stand

One-Man Stand:

The Saga of Harold Riensche.

By Kyle Watts     9/1/2019

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AN IMPOSSIBLE RECOVERY

      The tank retriever ground to a halt on the beach. A gaggle of amtracs and tanks collected on the scene, awaiting its arrival. Harold Riensche climbed down from the cab and dropped into the soft sand. Waves off the Gulf of Tonkin lapped against the shore in the distance. Anywhere else, he might have relaxed and enjoyed the view. 

       Instead, he absorbed the mess that was now his responsibility. A tank turret protruded above a pit full of mud. The main gun seemed impotent without the tank visible beneath it. Quicksand nearly swallowed the vehicle whole. A tow pintle lay three feet below the surface. They would have to dig it out. Even then, how would they break the suction? The winch would have to work. Riensche thought through the grueling task ahead. A Lieutenant with the amtracs interrupted his planning. 

      “Well, Staff Sergeant, what do you think? Better hold your retriever right there, or someone will have to come get YOU out!”

       “Thanks, sir. We’ll take it from here.”

Riensche’s M51 Heavy Recovery Vehicle in Vietnam. The Marines simply called it "the retriever.” Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      Riensche understood why his Company Commander “suggested” he come along on this recovery. As the Maintenance Chief for Bravo Company, 3rd Tank Battalion, Riensche typically oversaw maintenance back at company Headquarters (HQ). Sergeant Craig Ammon, the retriever’s commander, was competent and capable. The extravagant nature of this tank’s predicament, however, brought many “take charge types” to provide opinions on the operation. The CO wanted Riensche’s extra stripe to manage any interference. The five-man recovery crew went to work.

      Lance Corporal Robert Walkley and Private First Class Jimmy Dorsett stripped off their blouses and grabbed shovels. They struggled to move in the mud digging out the tow pintle. The rest of the Marines found their duties equally difficult. Everything was heavy in their line of work. Corporal Mike Foster maneuvered the retriever behind the tank. Riensche and Ammon removed equipment to lower the front spade, covering the width of the vehicle. Foster drove the spade forward into the ground to lock the retriever in position. They trekked back and forth through the mud arranging snatch blocks and the winch cable. By the time they were ready to make their first attempt, all five Marines were spent.

A Marine stands before a retriever in Vietnam. A tow bar is connected, supported by the auxiliary winch, protruding underneath the front spade. This was the typically set up when moving out on a mission. Note, the .50 caliber machine gun has been removed from its mount on top of the vehicle. Courtesy of John Wear.

A retriever possessed three methods of recovery: a tow bar, a winch, and a crane. In this photo, the crane is extended for usage. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      Foster started the winch. The cable tightened. The 60 ton retriever slid forward, plowing up sand. The tank did not move an inch.

      Riensche flagged down two tanks providing security and moved them behind the retriever. He ran tow cables from the retriever out to each tank. He hoped the additional 96 tons would provide an anchor. Foster spun up the winch once more. The retriever screamed at maximum horsepower. The winch sparked and spewed smoke. Riensche gave the signal to cut it off. The tank still would not budge. 

      Riensche devised a less conventional plan. He sent the crew to cut long reeds out of a nearby marsh. Meanwhile, he crafted balls of C4 and fused them with blasting caps. He taped the explosives to each reed, jabbed them into the muck around the tank, and wired everything together.

      Foster started the winch a final time. When the retriever reached maximum horsepower, Riensche touched off the C4. Mud churned and flew up the sides of the tank. The suction broke, and the tank emerged slowly onto solid sand. All five crew members dropped beside the retriever, too exhausted to celebrate their victory. By the time they stowed their gear and hooked up the tank on a tow bar, the sun was setting. They backed the tank into the waves to wash off the mud. They joined their vehicles in the water, fully clothed, praying it might cleanse their stench. With tank in tow, the retriever followed the amtracs six miles back to their base at Cua Viet. Riensche told the crew to rest and prepare for the trip home in the morning.

MINES

Harold on his second deployment to Vietnam. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      Dawn of March 24, 1969, arrived too soon. The recovery crew filled a gap in the perimeter, rotating turns on watch all night. No one felt rested. They refueled, connected a tow bar back to the tank, and departed. Afternoon arrived before they reached the Route One bridge into Dong Ha.

      Riensche radioed their progress back to HQ while they waited for their turn to cross. Another transmission came over the net as he tuned in.

      “Bravo 6, this is Bravo 3. Be advised, I’ve got two tanks hit by mines. We are buttoning up now.”

      Lieutenant Pete Ritch and his three tanks swept west from Gio Linh with a company of Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) soldiers. They moved five miles out and were on their way back when the first tank hit a mine. Ritch radioed for the ARVN to stop and set up security. As his Marines repaired the track, Ritch watched the ARVN continue marching, as if nothing happened. One of his operable tanks stopped to provide security, while the third continued onward. Two hundred meters further, that tank also hit a mine. Ritch contacted the officer in charge of of ARVN to make them stop, but again, they continued marching with no regard for the Americans’ predicament.

Lieutenant Pete Ritch (left) and his crew with their tanks at Khe Sanh. Courtesy of Pete Ritch.

      When Riensche heard the Lieutenant’s call to company HQ, he checked his watch. It was already 1600. Riensche jumped into the conversation.

      “Bravo 3, this is Bravo 9. What’s your location? We can come help get you out.”

      “Bravo 9, we are five clicks west of A2, heading east. We are buttoning up now and should be moving shortly. I think we can limp it back to Gio Linh.”

      It did not feel right. The damage sounded light, but would take time to short-track the tanks. Once the repairs were complete, they would move no more than five miles per hour. Ritch had to get his tanks back to base before dark. They were in the heart of Leatherneck Square, an ironic name for the enemy-infested area just south of the Demilitarized Zone. It was no place to spend the night in disabled tanks. The retriever currently sat less than 15 miles away. Riensche decided the previous day’s recovery, now extended over 24 hours, could wait.

      “Roger that Bravo 3. Heading your way. Get buttoned up, and we’ll meet you back at Gio Linh. We’ll put the tanks behind the retriever and get you to Dong Ha before dark.”

View from a tank being towed by a retriever. The helmet of the driver (left) is visible in the driver’s hatch. The Tank Commander (center) stands behind the .50 cal with his back to the camera. The crane operator (right) stands half exposed in the crane operator’s hatch. The last crewman, the rigger, sits in full view. No hatch existed above the rigger’s seat. Courtesy of USMC Vietnam Tanker’s Association.

      Riensche informed the recovery crew of the change in plans. They unhooked the tank and headed north. By the time they reached Gio Linh, Lt Ritch was nowhere in sight.

      “Bravo 3, this is Bravo 9. What’s your status?”

      “Same location. First tank buttoned up, the second is giving us a hard time, over.”

      Ritch could never make it back to Gio Linh before dark now on his own.

      “Roger that Bravo 3. Sit tight. We’re coming out to get you.”

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OUTSIDE THE WIRE

      The retriever rolled through the wire down the same road Ritch had taken. As they moved, Ritch informed Riensche of the ARVN company heading the retriever’s way. Ritch requested a third time to make the ARVN stop and provide security for the retriever. Less than a mile down the road, the column of soldiers came into view. Riensche told Foster to halt. He stood on top the cab, waiting for someone to stop. Some of the soldiers bowed as they walked, some waved. Most passed without a word. The entire company, over 200 strong, marched past the retriever toward their home at Gio Linh. 

      “So much for our security.”

      With or without the ARVN, Riensche knew they could not abandon Ritch also. The retriever set off once more alone.

      After a few more miles, Riensche decided they had to be getting close. They crossed a large, dried up rice paddy and came over the far berm in a set of old tank tracks. Riensche ordered Foster to halt again. Waist high elephant grass surrounded the retriever. A small, grassy mound stuck out of the earth 300 meters off, but the terrain was otherwise flat. From Ritch’s directions, Riensche figured the tanks were less than one thousand meters away.

      “Alright, Mike, let's go get them. Follow those tank tracks”

      Foster accelerated. The retriever lurched backward with the sudden forward motion. It shifted weight just enough to trigger a pressure plate beneath them.

Riensche’s retriever following the ambush back at HQ for repairs. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      The mine heaved the retriever’s rear end off the ground. The Marines rocked from their seats into the steel surrounding them. When things settled, Ammon, Walkley, and Dorsett exited their hatches to inspect the damage. Riensche dropped to the ground behind them. The right side track lay broken in multiple places. Two sets of rear road wheels sheered off completely. The Marines hung their heads, knowing hours of strenuous work lay ahead to button it up. Riensche climbed on top of the vehicle and crossed over to the Tank Commander (TC) hatch while the other three got to work. Standing behind the mounted .50 caliber machine gun, he grabbed the headset to call in their situation.

      Foster climbed out of the driver's hatch and sat on the rear of the opening. He put his feet up on the front edge, resting his elbows on his bent knees. He stared blankly down between his legs into the vehicle. Riensche studied Foster while he finished with the radio. He looked tired. Riensche had seen him worse. This was their second time together in Vietnam. On their first deployment, Riensche and Foster carried an M60 together on ambush patrols. They never expected to see each other in country a second time. When Riensche arrived, Foster extended his tour to stay with him. Foster was not even supposed to be there. 

      “Hey Mike, you want to stand watch first, and I'll go down and help? One of us has to stay up here.”

      Foster straightened and eased up from his hatch. 

      “Naw Chief. We’ll take care of it. You stay here.”

      He disappeared over the side of the retriever to join the others. Riensche returned to the headset to contact Lt Ritch. 

      “Bravo 3, this is…”

      An AK-47 bullet smacked into the .50 cal ammo can inches from Riensche’s face. Another ricocheted off the receiver and zipped past his head. Round after round followed, striking steel all around the hatch. Riensche’s legs went limp, and he fell inside the retriever. As he checked himself for holes, the volume of automatic fire swelled outside. He peered into the periscope, looking over the right side of the retriever. It was shot out. He turned to the left side periscope. It was shot out as well. They were surrounded. Riensche grabbed the headset.

      “Bravo 6, this is Bravo 9, we are under attack! Heavy small arms fire all around. We need help now!”

AMBUSH

      He dropped the radio and grabbed an M16 inside the cab. He popped up, half exposed in the TC hatch. A North Vietnamese Army (NVA) soldier flashed through the grass. Riensche fired three rounds before shifting his aim at more movement to his left. He adjusted aim again and again. They were everywhere. The first magazine drained quickly. He fumbled with a second. Bullets fragmented off the side of the retriever and cracked through the air. The concentration of fire adjusted onto him. Halfway through the next magazine, the rifle stopped. He dropped into the cab and tried to eject the round. His sweaty hands struggled to grasp the charging handle. He jammed his fingers inside the ejection port, trying to get at the stuck round. He gave up and threw the rifle aside.

      Riensche’s eyes darted around the inside of the cab. What should he do next? His hands shook uncontrollably. His blouse bounced on his chest with each heartbeat. A vision of his wife, Laura, and their three boys overtook his mind. She huddled the older two close while the baby, only six weeks old when Harold left, screamed in her arms. Riensche recognized the scene around his forlorn family. He witnessed it far too many times while on Inspector-Instructor duty in San Francisco. They were in a cemetery. It was a military funeral. The meaning was clear. He was going to die.

      “Oh, God, help me!”

      He closed his eyes and tried to focus. His hands began to settle. His breathing slowed. The verbal recognition of his terror diminished its power. The resignation to his fate gave him clarity. He opened his eyes. The .50 cal above him looked ready. He stood again to unleash hell.

      A bullet destroyed the ammo belt leading into the big gun. Riensche broke it off and fed it back through. He reached down and scooped up the radio onto his head. If Bravo Company was listening, he wanted to hear their reply. An NVA soldier appeared out of the grass 30 meters away. Riensche pivoted the gun and fired. The huge bullets shredded the soldier’s body before he fell. Riensche swung the gun towards the rear of the retriever, chasing another sprinting enemy. A three round burst sent him tumbling out of sight, blocked from view by the boom of the crane. Bullets struck the front of the cab behind Riensche. He turned the gun back towards the front and fired at the unseen enemy. Suddenly, three enemy soldiers appeared above the grass 50 meters away, heading towards the mound in the distance. Riensche fired a long burst in front of them. The soldiers ran into his fire and dropped. The grass where they fell shook violently as they writhed beneath it.

      Despite the damage Riensche inflicted, the NVA maintained the intensity of the ambush. Enemy bullets passed over his head, under his arms, and impacted the retriever all around. He waited for the round that would get him. A voice came through the headset.

      “Bravo 9, Bravo 6, what’s your status?”

      “We are under attack! Near ambush, all around! I’m returning fire, I don’t know where my crew is! We need a reaction force out here now!”

      “Roger that Bravo 9. Hold tight.”

      Riensche swept fires towards the rear of the retriever again. The crane blocked his ability to cover this avenue of approach. Over the crane operator’s hatch, an M60 sat in a mount welded to the top of the cab. The Maintenance Chief two tours ahead of Riensche added the extra firepower for his retriever crew. It currently only further blocked Riensche’s view, but he knew the second machine gun would soon come into play.

      “Bravo 9, Bravo 6. Be advised, I’ve been instructed it’s getting dark, and we can’t send out a reaction force at night. Someone will be out to assist in the morning.

      Riensche’s heart sank. How could this be happening? They were leaving him out there to die.

“You be advised, there won’t be anyone left in the morning!!

      He dumped the headset. No one was coming, so no point in talking to them. Riensche returned a rage of fire. Enemy rounds struck the ammo can again. The .50 cal immediately stopped. Riensche tried to unjam the belt of ammo, but it would not budge. Without more ammo cans, his heaviest weapon was knocked out of action.

ONE-MAN STAND

     Riensche jumped out of the hatch in full view of the enemy. He ran across the cab and removed the M60 from the mount. He peeked over the side of the retriever. A bloody hand reached out from under the fender. Riensche leaned further. The bloody hand became an arm, connected to a bloody body. Foster lay draped over a road wheel. He struggled desperately for a breath. His body absorbed so many rounds. Riensche dared not try to count. 

      “Mike!”

      Foster strained his head upward. He connected his gaze with Riensche’s. The breath he fought for exhaled.

      “Get some for me!”

      Foster’s head slumped down, and his arm dropped limp. Riensche screamed and stood on top of the cab to resume his war. 

      With the M60 blazing in his hands, Riensche’s mind transported through time to his boyhood home in Nebraska. Standing on the front porch, Riensche watched the wheat fields flow in unison with the wind. Any sort of unnatural disturbance to the harmony stood out like a sore thumb. At 18, he left the farm and enlisted in the Marines. He spent two and a half years in the infantry before training as a mechanic. Now, standing atop the retriever, it seemed his entire life prepared him for this moment. The elephant grass swayed in the breeze, just like the wheat. The NVA hiding beneath it gave themselves away with each movement. The M60 fit perfectly in Riensche’s hands, just as it had so many times before. His training took over and kept him in the fight.

Harold in 1965, while serving in the infantry as an 0311. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      He blew through a belt of ammo and started on a second. More NVA appeared from the grass heading towards the mound in the distance. Riensche cut them down and swiveled back to the opposite side of the retriever. The movement in the grass appeared closer each time he turned. AK-47 fire smacked the retriever and whizzed passed him. He marveled that no rocket-propelled grenades came his way yet. Could that be why soldiers were sprinting for the mound?

      Riensche finished a second belt and fed in a third. He resumed firing until the gun abruptly stopped. He looked down in time to see the barrel release and fall forward out of the receiver. Without thinking, Riensche snatched the smoking barrel out of the air. Adrenaline negated any pain, as the scorching metal seared his hand. He dropped the rest of the gun to reinsert the barrel. 

      A flash of movement caught his eye. An NVA soldier sprinted from the grass behind the retriever and disappeared under the rear spade. Riensche heard an entire magazine of AK fire erupt beneath the vehicle. 

      The third ammo belt ended and Riensche put in a fourth. He grabbed the radio once more. He called out to Lt Ritch, less than a click away, for any help he could send. 

      “I’m the only one left and I’m running out of ammo!”

In less than 30 minutes of nonstop firing, Harold Riensche used virtually all available ammunition for each of the pictured weapons, fighting for his life and those of his crew. Courtesy of the author.

      Riensche fired all around but eyed the rear of the retriever. After a series of five round bursts, the M60 stopped again. He opened the cover and found two rounds hopelessly jammed in the barrel. The M60 was done. Riensche reached down into the crane operators hatch and grabbed two grenades. He tossed one over both rear corners of the retriever, hoping to take out the enemy soldier who disappeared under the spade. He threw a few more into the grass for good measure. 

      Riensche located an M79 grenade launcher stashed in the cab with a bag of 30 high explosive rounds. One by one, he fired the grenades at anything that moved. The growing darkness played tricks on his eyes. Everything seemed to move. The bag depleted quickly. He dropped the M79 back into the cab and grabbed a case of unopened grenades. As he struggled unwinding the tape from the packaging, another NVA soldier appeared. He stopped 20 yards away and leveled his AK. Riensche drew his pistol from its shoulder holster and fired. The big .45 caliber bullet smashed through the soldier’s face, tumbling him backward. Riensche followed him into the grass with several more rounds. 

      With the immediate threat neutralized, Riensche returned to the box of grenades. They were his only hope. The .50 was useless. The M60 and M16 were done. The M79 was out. He had less than 20 rounds left for his pistol. All that remained were the grenades and his Ka-bar. He found unexpected difficulty unwrapping the grenades. His nerves rose to the extreme once more. The past 20 minutes were the most brutal and eternal of his life. He felt it about to end.

HARMONY

      He slipped a grenade out of its sleeve and tossed it into the grass. As he worked on a second, he realized the incoming fire had ceased. He paused and studied the area around him. A cacophony of ring tones and racing heartbeats filled his ears, but nothing more. Silence diffused through the grass. Harmony reasserted itself over the sway. Could it really be over?

      He ran around the top of the retriever, checking each side for the enemy. What happened to his crew? Riensche dismounted and looked under the retriever. Walkley lay across the undercarriage. His bullet-riddled body was motionless. 

      “Is anyone alive under there??”

      Craig Ammon responded immediately.

      “We’re under here, Chief! Walkley’s dead! I'm hit bad, and Dorsett is too!”

      “Can you crawl out the front?”

      “No, can't move!”

      “Alright, I’ll back it off you. HoId on!”

      Riensche rolled Foster’s body off the road wheel and dragged him away from the retriever. He tried to grab Foster’s belt, but could not close his hand. He stopped and turned his palms upward. Huge blisters formed on all five fingers and palm of his left hand. Now that he noticed the burns, pain set in. No time for that now. Riensche unsheathed his Ka-bar. He sliced gashes down each finger, and across his palm. He squeezed out the fluid and pus, allowing him to close the hand again. He dragged Foster away, then climbed back inside the retriever.

      He called for emergency medevac of his wounded, then slid into the driver’s seat. Movement around the mound 300 meters off captured his attention. A tank appeared; a flame tank. Riensche did not know who it belonged to, or where it came from, but it was friendly. He immediately recognized Sgt Al Soto standing in the commander’s cupola.

      “Bravo 9 I have you in sight! Where do you want me?”

      “That mound to your right! Light it up!”

      The turret rotated. A long, beautiful rod of flame spewed out and set the mound a blaze. The inferno brought Riensche a sense of peace. Something about napalm always shut Charlie up.

Sgt Al Soto in the commander’s coupla of his M48A3 tank. Courtesy of Bob Skeels.

      He backed the retriever off the crew. A second tank appeared. Both must have come from Lt Ritch’s position. In the quickly fading dusk, Riensche and the tank crewmen tended the wounds of Ammon and Dorsett. They were both in critical condition.

      A medevac chopper finally arrived, circling low over the scene. Riensche climbed back in the TC hatch and put on the headset. The pilot’s voice came through. 

      “Bravo 9, we’ve got you in sight. Is it a secure LZ? Over.”

      “Well, it’s as secure as it’s going to get right now!”

      “Roger Bravo 9. I can’t land unless it’s a secure LZ.”

      Riensche could not believe what he was hearing. First, no one would send a reaction force to help when he needed it most. Now, this pilot was going to leave without taking Ammon and Dorsett.

      “I’ve got two WIA in critical condition! You have to land! They have to go NOW!”

      “Bravo 9, I can’t land unless it’s a secure LZ.”

      Riensche grabbed the .50 cal and made a show of racking the bolt. He swiveled in the chopper’s direction and angled the barrel skyward.

      “You land it, or I will!!”

       A long pause followed the ultimatum.

      “Roger Bravo 9. Pop smoke in the LZ, over.”

      Riensche heaved a smoke grenade into the grass. The Marines quickly loaded Ammon and Dorsett into the chopper. Riensche and the dead would have to wait for evacuation in the morning. 

      Darkness overwhelmed the area before the chopper lifted off. Lt Ritch’s two mined tanks limped into the position shortly after. They arranged security and settled in for the night. A “Spooky” gunship circled overhead, lighting the darkness with flares. Riensche waited on high alert, scanning the grass. It flowed softly as the wheat.

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THE JOURNEY HOME

      At first light, the tank crews set to work short-tracking the retriever. Another medevac chopper arrived for Walkley and Foster. Despite his burns, Riensche refused evacuation. A platoon of Marine infantry provided security as the tankers finished buttoning everything up. They connected tow bars from Al Soto’s flame tank and the retriever to Lt Ritch’s two limping tanks. Despite its own wounds, the retriever would still get one back to Dong Ha. Riensche climbed in the driver seat a final time to lead the procession. As they passed through Gio Linh and headed south on Route 1, he could not help but notice the retriever had never run so well.

      Following the ambush, life in the company quickly returned to normal. The pace of operations never slowed. No formal after action was ever conducted. Lt Ritch and any other Marine involved that day proceeded directly to the next operation, without time to dwell on what happened. Riensche wished he could move on so easily. Two of his Marines were dead. All of them should have been. His unit decided he was not worth the effort of saving. He went through Walkley’s and Foster’s personal belongings, separating out the things to send home to their families. Each item set aside reminded him of their absence. Each item reminded him how expendable they had been; how expendable he had been.

Framed rubbings from the Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial for Riensche’s crew members killed in action on March 24, 1969. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      He finished the remaining five months of his tour. Before leaving, Riensche received orders to the drill field at Parris Island. He heard the rumors of this duty. Married Marines going to the drill field came back divorced Marines. The thought of moving Laura and the boys from one coast to the other felt like a nightmare. After two tours in Vietnam, they endured enough. They needed a father and husband more than the Corps needed another Staff Sergeant. Riensche took his discharge and left active duty. He moved the family to Petaluma, north of San Francisco, and joined the reserve unit at Treasure Island. The city of Oakland brought him on as a heavy equipment mechanic. He tried to fit in and keep his mouth shut. He provided for his family, and that was all that mattered now. The past was the past. It haunted him still.

      A year later, Riensche learned he was awarded the Navy Cross for defending the retriever. He stood at attention while General Leonard Chapman, the 24th Commandant of the Marine Corps, pinned the medal on his chest at the Marines Memorial Club in San Francisco. A large crowd of Marines, civilians, and press looked on. Riensche looked through them. 

      “Get some for me…”

      Foster. Walkley. 

      “Under here, Chief!”

      Ammon. Dorsett. What was the point of their sacrifice? 

      Oh God, please, help me.

      Riensche ended the night with a bottle of Jack Daniels. It eased the pain. It clouded the memory. Many bottles followed, helping blot out the past.

General Leonard Chapman, 24th Commandant of the Marine Corps, awarding Riensche the Navy Cross at the Marines Memorial Club in San Francisco. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      How powerful is time against wounds from within? A veteran’s fight to come home from war can only begin once they return. Time becomes an ally, promising relief. Vietnam stole a piece of Harold Riensche. Part of him died with his Marines in March of 1969. Could time revitalize the missing pieces and make him whole once more?

THE POWER OF TIME

      Five years passed. Riensche persevered down the road supporting his family. The US government scrapped the war and pulled out of Vietnam. He watched on television as Saigon fell to the NVA and helicopters evacuated refugees from the American embassy. What was the point of his service? The news drove him further inside himself and away from what he lost. 

      Sixteen years passed. Riensche retired as a Master Gunnery Sergeant from the reserve unit on Treasure Island. Young Marines noticed the Navy Cross on his chest and immediately stood taller in his presence. For Riensche, the medal dragged him back to the worst chapter of his life, killing more of him inside.

Harold Riensche as a Master Gunnery Sergeant in 1981. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      Thirty years passed. Vietnam began to fade. The future looked bright. Riensche finally neared retirement from the city of Oakland. He and Laura purchased land in Montana near their middle son, Ken. The new location promised new beginnings. While they built their future home, Ken was diagnosed with liver cancer. He passed away just one month later. In the midst of their grief, Riensche received a phone call from an old Marine. The USMC Vietnam Tankers Association (VTA) planned a reunion in Minneapolis. They wanted him to attend. Riensche turned them down. He could not think about discussing Vietnam after losing his son. 

      Forty-two years passed. The VTA invited Riensche again to their 7th reunion in San Diego. Laura convinced him to combine the trip with a visit to their youngest son, also living in Southern California. They spent most of the time with their son but occasionally dropped by the reunion. Riensche did not make it past the check-in table before fellow tankers recognized him and approached. He felt surprised by his interest at reconnecting with familiar faces.

Shadow box presented to Harold Riensche commemorating his service. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      In 2013, 44 years after the ambush, Riensche attended the next VTA reunion in San Antonio. Knowledge of his Navy Cross had much the same effect on the other attendees as it had years earlier on the young Marines at Treasure Island. On the first day, former Lieutenant Bob Skeels approached the Riensches at their table. 

      “Hell of a thing you did that day, Harold. I’m just sorry we didn’t make it all the way out to you that night.

      Riensche furrowed his brow.

      “What do you mean, make it out to me?“

      “With the reaction force. We tried to get to you, but hit two mines on the way.”

Lieutenant Bob Skeels with members of his platoon. Sgt Al Soto stands on the far right. Courtesy of Bob Skeels.

      Skeels explained how three of his tanks sat in the maintenance shop at Bravo Company HQ that afternoon. The Company Commander, Captain Jay Miller, received Riensche’s distress call and immediately ordered Skeels to get his tanks rolling. Al Soto, one of Skeels’ tank commanders, burst through the door of his hootch, red-eyed and ready to take the lead. They scrounged up whatever tanks they could get; two gun tanks, and the company flame tank. Soto shot out of the gate in the flame tank, with Skeels trailing close behind at top speed. They were less than ten miles away from Riensche’s position.

Harold sits next to the Bravo Company CO, Captain Jay Miller, in country. Courtesy of Harold Riensche.

      The reaction force got within 500 meters of the ambush. Skeels could hear the explosions and gunfire in the distance. He could not make radio contact with Riensche to let him know they were on the way. Suddenly, two of his tanks hit mines, blowing apart the track. Skeels yelled out to Soto in the lead to continue and make it to Riensche on his own. Darkness enveloped the damaged tanks before the Marines could get them buttoned up. Skeels arranged his two tanks and six Marines in the best security posture he could to wait out the night. In the distance, flares lit up the sky over the ambush site. The gunfire had ceased. He prayed the retriever crew was ok.

      At first light, they repaired the damage and drove the rest of the distance to the ambush site. Everyone was already gone. Skeels exited his tank and surveyed the scene. He saw the hole in the ground where the mine stopped the retriever. An NVA soldier lay dead in the grass not far off. Riensche’s huge .50 caliber bullets left the body in a grotesque state. Skeels walked a large circle around the hole. Mangled dead lay around the entire 360 degrees. He counted 13 bodies, with blood trails and drag marks revealing a higher number.

      Riensche silently listened to Skeels’ story. Larry Parshall, the driver of Skeels’ tank, corroborated the narrative. How could this have happened, yet Riensche never knew? What about the message over the radio; no one was coming? They tried to work out the details. Everything about that day seemed so chaotic, and the distance in time left memories hazy. Riensche knew now, though, without question, they had not abandoned him.

EPILOGUE: THE ILLUSION OF TIME

      Following the San Antonio reunion, Laura pressured Riensche to write down his story of the ambush. She saw in his eyes a spark of something that had been missing. Could Harold be whole again? He tried to put pen to paper. Words came slowly. He spent nearly half a century erasing the day. Recovering it now seemed more impossible than a tank submerged in quicksand. Memories came and went. Flashbacks woke him at night, as his brain divulged details of the day. He rose from bed each time and recorded the memories. He wanted to face them.

Harold and Laura Riensche at the USMC Vietnam Tankers Association Reunion in Washington, D.C. in 2015. Courtesy of USMC Vietnam Tankers Association.

Marines involved in the retriever ambush sit for a video interview discussing the events of that day during the 2015 D.C. VTA reunion. Left to Right: Pete Ritch, Bob Skeels, Harold Riensche, and Mike Bolenbaugh. Courtesy of USMC Vietnam Tankers Association.

      Two more years passed. Riensche once again attended a VTA reunion in Washington, DC. He brought with him 2500 words on paper; 2500 battles won. Each brought him closer to what he had lost. He shared his story with the other tankers. They received it better than he could have imagined. They validated his facts and memories of the day. He sat for a video interview, recounting the details of the ambush. Several years earlier, this would have been unthinkable. Now, he was at peace. He understood the role of time in his breakthrough, affording him the distance needed to heal. The true power came not from time itself, however, but through facing each memory unearthed from the past. March 24, 1969, meant so many different things to the Marines involved. Riensche saw the power of prayer and the hand of God over him. Knowing about the reaction force restored his faith in the Marine Corps and the meaning of “Semper Fidelis.” Pete Ritch understood that Riensche saved more lives than just Craig Ammon and Jim Dorsett. The ambush was waiting for him and his tanks. If Riensche had not done what he did, Ritch and his Marines might not have survived. Bob Skeels caught a glimpse of the epic one-man stand Riensche made defending the retriever. My God, what must he have endured? To all those who arrived that day and witnessed the scene, the Navy Cross could never adequately recognize his heroism.

      Riensche left the reunion and returned to the house in Montana. He dropped his bags and walked onto the back deck. The sun dipped low over pine-covered hills in the distance. A gentle harmony held sway over the boughs. He closed his eyes and drew a deep breath of fresh mountain air. The quiet mirrored that in his soul. Finally, he was home.

Author's Note: To Harold and Laura Riensche, thank you for your commitment to each other and our Corps. Your service and example has inspired generations of Marines, including this author.

Below is a condensed version of the oral history conducted with Harold Riensche at the USMC VTA reunion in 2015. Watch it to hear the story in his own words. The full version of the interview, with commentary by all Marines present in the video, can be seen on the VTA's YouTube Channel here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7bhnjLPOag&t=1448s 

Learn more about the USMC Vietnam Tankers Association at their website:

http://www.usmcvta.org

Originally published in Leatherneck Magazine, September 2019.

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Feature Stories, Vietnam

LZ Margo: Lest We Forget

LZ Margo:

Lest We Forget.

By Kyle Watts     5/1/2019

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THE WRITER

     The elevator doors opened, delivering me to the hotel’s first floor. In the hallway, a sign stood on an easel outside a vacant conference room. “Battalion Landing Team 2/26. Reuniting and Remembering.” A somber photograph filled the board beneath the headline. A Marine stood behind his machine gun in a knee deep fighting hole. His helmet was missing and flak jacket hung open. His eyes glazed over in a thousand-yard stare. Superimposed words alluded to the story on his face. “LZ MARGO… LEST WE FORGET.” 

Sign created for the LZ Margo reunion, featuring PFC Larry Towne surveying his surroundings at LZ Margo on 16 Sept 1968. Courtesy of Alan Green.

     I searched Landing Zone (LZ) Margo online before I arrived. The results were disappointing and scant. Whatever it was, veterans came from around the nation to remember it. They invited me to join them and document the experience. I felt bad, having never even heard of the place. I wished I could see through the eyes of the man in the photo to grasp the story they told.

     I followed signs to the continental breakfast room and paused at the entrance. Hotel guests packed the room, but I immediately picked out the table full of men I was there to meet. Unsure of where I fit in, a voice from behind prodded me along.

     “You here for the reunion?”

     “Yes, I am.”

     “You somebody’s son?”

     “No sir. I’m the writer.”

     “Ah, the writer! Come on, these are the guys you want to speak with.”

     He walked me to the table and introduced me to the group. They grabbed a chair and made room. I listened to their discussions as I ate my breakfast. Shortly after I joined them, another interruption followed.

     “Y’all are veterans?”

     All of us looked up. The woman posing the question was not looking at me, so I kept my mouth shut. Forty years separated me from anyone else around the table. I doubted she considered me one of the group. Though not as trim as they once were, and more grayed, the men surrounding me were indeed veterans. No matter their age, even an outsider cannot mistake a bunch of Marines. The gentlemen closest answered for the group.

     “Yes we are. Marine Corps.”

     “Oh alright! What brings everyone to Detroit?”

     “Here for a reunion. I haven’t seen these guys in 50 years.”

     “Oh wow! Well, thank y’all for your service!”

     Without waiting for a reply, the stranger walked away to her own table. Everyone looked at each other with a familiar blank expression. This must have been the thousandth time they heard it since their country decided they deserved respect.

     “It just feels hollow,” one of the men finally remarked.

     Another veteran described the best “thank you for your service” he ever received, when the owner of a restaurant ordered several rounds of drinks for him, on the house. Another passed around a humbling thank you note and $10 bill, left on his truck anonymously by a gold star mother.

     One of the veterans adeptly closed the conversation, to a resounding, silent affirmation.

     “The best respect we get is from each other.”

     I reflected on their comments as we finished eating. In their eyes, my Eagle, Globe, and Anchor allowed me a seat at their table. They welcomed me as a brother. I realized, though, I was no different from the clueless stranger who disrupted our conversation. I did not understand what these Marines had experienced any more than she did. How could I possibly capture it into words?

THE REUNION

     We left the dining area and entered the conference room. No agenda dictated the day, other than allowing Marines to catch up after 50 years. This proved an easy task. I watched them speak as if they were life-long friends.

2/26 veterans Teddy Banks (left) and Steve Haisley (right) remembering their experiences. Courtesy of the author.

     “This is incredible,” reflected one veteran, “it feels like we are just picking up right where we left off.”

     They laughed at each other’s stories from boot camp and experiences from the rear in Vietnam. Many of the veterans fought together through the siege at Khe Sanh. Even the discussions of this infamous battle eventually led to the place that altered their lives.

    “I put more Marines in body bags at Margo than I ever did at Khe Sanh.”

Journal carried by Lieutenant Alan Green during his tour. Above the date, 16 Sept 68, is written the names of Green’s Marines KIA that day. Courtesy of the author.

     The sentiment echoed around in many forms. One person spoke of a senior enlisted Marine who survived LZ Margo. In his younger days, this Marine fought the Chinese at the Chosin Reservoir. Even he proclaimed Margo worse than any attack he experienced in Korea.

     I discovered an alarming majority of the men present were Purple Heart recipients. Further investigation revealed most of those were wounded on the same day, September 16, 1968. I overheard one Marine discussing his foot that was blown off. I watched him walk in a perfect gait to refill his glass and return to his table. When a seat became available, I approached.

     “John, did I hear correctly, you lost a foot at Margo?”

     “Yeah, out on patrol a few days before the attack. I stepped on one of those toe-popper mines. Took the end of my foot off. They got me out that day. The mine took my foot, then gangrene took the rest…”

     He continued talking as he lifted his pant leg and removed a prosthetic limb extending down from his knee. I struggled temporarily, processing his words and his leg, now separated above the table before me. He discussed the surgeries, the constant pain, how prosthetics advanced over the years, and the normality of it all now.

     “…I walk five miles every day after breakfast.”

Veterans of 2/26 brought memorabilia from their tours in Vietnam, including journals, photographs, and maps. Courtesy of the author.

     I hoped my words were appropriate, but continued feeling my inexperience. I surveyed the room, full of Marines as extraordinary as the one seated next to me. I felt the bond between them. I saw regret and sorrow for their brothers lost at LZ Margo, and the open wounds left inside. I sensed the importance of this reunion, and the healing power it possessed. No one outside the unit knew details of the battle. Their Corps glossed over it as an embarrassing footnote. Their country belittled the scars it left. These men grew accustomed to being ignored. They kept each other alive and fighting through Vietnam. Their memories of each other faded little through half a century. Now, "each other" was precisely the reason they came.

THE MISSION

     I worked my way from man to man piecing together the story. How was it possible I had never heard of Margo? What could have happened that haunted the survivors for the rest of their lives? One man pulled me aside.

     “Let’s get you with the General. He’s the person you need to talk to.”

The author speaking with Kent Wonders (middle) and Terry Arndt (right). Courtesy of Charlene Matera.

     Major General Jarvis D. Lynch entered the room. Every Marine present straightened. Fifty years ago, they knew him as a Major, the Battalion Operations Officer. I plainly saw he was still their Chesty Puller. I introduced myself, and asked him to tell me how the battalion ended up at Margo. He told me their journey began at sea.

     Aboard the USS Princeton, 2nd Battalion, 26th Marines reformed as a Battalion Landing Team (BLT). Gaining tanks, artillery, reconnaissance, engineers, and more, the battalion grew as a truly powerful force. Word spread of a coming operation in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). They could never be sure. The battalion passed from regiment to regiment, operating in different areas. They called themselves “The Nomads.” They had no home.

     They arrived at Camp Carroll in early September, just south of the DMZ. Lynch worked to solidify their orders. Generals in charge of their fate placed the battalion in LZ Margo, 15 miles from the Lao boarder, deep in enemy territory. Word passed to move out in 24 hours. While the battalion prepared, Lynch learned as much as he could about their destination.

Located 30 miles inland, and 12 miles north of Khe Sanh, LZ Margo occupied a hilltop deep in enemy territory, just south of the boarder with North Vietnam. Courtesy of the author.

     Intelligence told him Margo was established two months earlier. It transitioned into a Fire Support Base, but currently sat abandoned. The LZ occupied a hilltop, blasted barren by US airpower. Triple-canopy jungle surrounded it for miles. Draws and ravines created an uneven surface on the hill. As a result, only one chopper fit in the zone at a time. A map revealed steep slopes down from three sides of the hill into the Cam Lo River, flowing in a jagged horseshoe around the LZ. The hilltop looked small, certainly too small to accommodate a BLT. Most concerning, the hill was actually low ground. Fingers and mountains rose up in all directions.

     Margo would be the first of several stops across the DMZ, sweeping the NVA back towards the coast. The single helicopter limit in the LZ meant the insert would be painfully slow. It dawned on Lynch the operation was set to commence on Friday the 13th.

     “That date was not lost on the Marines,” he remembered.

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Gear Inspired by Vietnam Veterans.

MARGO

     We spoke for nearly an hour before the General left the room. Our conversation created as many questions as it answered. The LZ seemed such an obvious poor choice. How did the battalion get stuck there? I learned I was not the only one still asking the question.

Battalion Operations Officer, Major Jarvis Lynch, during the DMZ operation in 1968. Courtesy of Kent Wonders.

     I found Lieutenants Kent Wonders and Alan Green, who told me their stories. As the assistant to Major Lynch, Wonders remained close to the Command Post (CP). When they arrived, sporadic rifle fire targeted the incoming choppers, but the insertion proceeded without incident. Marines quickly filled the LZ. Major Lynch immediately sent the rifle companies north off the hill.

     Wonders moved around the CP and units still occupying the LZ. He took stock of their new home as he walked. Bomb craters and old, shallow fighting holes dotted the hilltop. It reminded him of WWII photos from the Pacific. Water pooled in a hole at the bottom of a draw, filled by a natural spring. Several Marines surrounded the pool filling their canteens.

     “We might run out of food, but at least we have water.”

Marines exit the back of a CH-46 helicopter, inserting into LZ Margo. Courtesy of Tom Roadley.

     Wonders arrived back at the CP sooner than he anticipated. Somehow, the LZ seemed smaller in reality than it looked on the map. Marines in every direction settled in. He found one of the radio operators digging a hole and dropped his gear next to it.

     “Mind if I help? We can share this one.”

     “Works for me, sir, but good luck getting anywhere. This hill is like a rock!”

     Wonders grabbed his entrenching tool and jabbed at the ground. The pick sank less than an inch. Several hours of digging yielded a hole 18 inches deep, large enough for one man to lie flat. It seemed more like a coffin than a fighting position. Exhausted, the Marines dropped their e-tools. An explosion north of the LZ interrupted their rest.

     “What was that? Mortar?”

     “Sounded like a mine. Fox is down there on patrol. Probably one of our own mines, left over by whoever was here before us.”

     Shouts for corpsmen echoed up the hill. The radio in the CP crackled to life, calling for a medevac. Wonders took a swig of his canteen and surveyed the surrounding heights.

     “First casualty. We haven’t even seen the enemy yet.”

Lieutenant Kent Wonders standing in his fighting hole at LZ Margo. Courtesy Kent Wonders.

     Alan Green arranged his platoon of 81mm mortars. He picked an old bomb crater for his Fire Direction Center (FDC), and fanned the rest of the platoon out to dig gun pits. The awkward terrain prevented normal dispersion. The Marines attempted to dig in, but quickly hit rocky soil. Instead, they unpacked their mortar ammunition and filled the ammo boxes with rocks and dirt, stacking them up around their mediocre holes.

     They established primitive firing positions to support the rifle companies in the bush. They worked to deepen the holes and dial in their aiming stakes. Wiremen strung telephone land lines from the FDC out to each of the eight gun pits. The radioman established contact with forward observers in each company. As the Marines fortified the FDC and brought in ammo, Green noticed a large megaphone sitting next to the radio. “USS Princeton” was stenciled on the side. His ammo sergeant noticed the quizzical look on his face, and answered the question before Green could ask.

     “I liberated it from the Navy before we left the ship. Didn’t seem like they were using it.”

Lieutenant Alan Green at LZ Susan, the next stop along the DMZ after LZ Margo. Courtesy of Alan Green.

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Feature Stories, Vietnam

Recon Doc

Recon Doc:

The Corpsmen of Force Recon in Vietnam.

By Kyle Watts     4/1/2019

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JACKSON

     John Jackson slapped a camouflaged hand against the bottom of his rifle magazine and charged a round into the chamber. A flick of his thumb taking off the safety was all that remained to ready the weapon. He waited silently with the rest of his Marine Force Reconnaissance team as the chopper descended into the LZ. A soft cover sat atop his fiery red hair, earning him the nickname, “Red Dog.” Like others of his position within the company, though, most people just called him “Doc.”

     The helicopter dropped the eight man team deep behind enemy lines. They had been tasked with monitoring North Vietnamese and Viet Cong movement on the surrounding trail network. The team exited the aircraft into the elephant grass and flawlessly formed their column. Perfected over months in the bush, hand and arm signals from the patrol leader guided the team through the jungle in complete silence.

     For two days they monitored enemy movement undetected. At one point, the team ambushed two black-clad VC on a trail, then melted back into the jungle. On the third day, while moving through the thick undergrowth, the patrol walked directly into unavoidable contact. Two Marines at the head of the patrol came upon a well concealed enemy encampment. Before they had a chance to withdraw, they were detected. Fifteen NVA soldiers opened fire mere feet away, killing the point man, and seriously wounding the second, Sgt Hawrylak. 

     Doc and the remainder of the team dropped prone and unleashed a steady volume of return fire. 

    “Corpsman!”

     Jackson heard the cry from his front. As the rest of the team continued shooting, he made his way ahead to Hawrylak’s exposed position. Jackson dragged him back to the rest of the team, hugging the deck as rounds cracked through the air over his head. 

     Jackson found wounds across Hawrylak’s torso and legs. He dug into his medical kit for battle dressings to stop the bleeding. The team leader called over his radio for a medevac and an artillery strike. The artillery arrived first, temporarily stunning Jackson as it exploded danger close keeping the enemy at bay. A medevac chopper finally arrived over the team and dropped a hoist through the canopy. No medical support came with the helicopter. Jackson elected to stay with Hawrylak, ensuring he survived the flight back to base.  As the rest of the team fought back, Jackson lifted Hawrylak onto the hoist and secured him to one seat. He wrapped his arms and legs around Hawrylak and the hoist, and prepared for the ride up. 

     The cable retracted slowly through the trees, hauling them 60 feet towards the chopper. Below him, the team fired in the direction of the enemy, and the sound of AK-47s came in steady reply. Suddenly, bullets smacked branches and leaves surrounding him as the enemy sought to knock him from the hoist. Jackson clung to Hawrylak with one hand and pulled his .45 caliber pistol with the other. He emptied a magazine at the enemy below before they finally reached the bottom of the chopper. Jackson kept his wounded comrade alive long enough to get him to a field hospital. The remainder of the team recovered their slain point man, and was extracted the following day.

Doc John Jackson and his First Force Recon team in 1968. Jackson stands third from the right. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

      Doc Jackson developed his craft through two tours in Vietnam, serving with both Force Recon companies in country. Like all Hospital Corpsmen serving this elite community, bush experience converted him into a Marine with a medical specialty.

     “It’s like a John Wayne movie,” recalled Jackson today, “But you don’t even think about it. Any corpsman will tell you, they call ‘corpsman up’ and you go do your thing.”

     Corpsmen like Jackson serving Force Reconnaissance Companies integrated so thoroughly into the units, they became completely indistinguishable. Outsiders often overlooked their service. For the Marines with whom these corpsmen served, they will forever revere and respect their Docs.

ALL VOLUNTEER

    Navy Corpsmen who found themselves with Force Recon did not wind up there by mistake. It was highly selective and all volunteer. Boot camp and basic corpsman school both took place at Naval Station Great Lakes, IL. Following this basic training, many new corpsmen received assignment to the Marines. 

     “Let me tell you how I ended up with the Marines,” mused Jackson. “This Chief says to me, ‘Jackson, I changed your orders to FMF.’ Being a Navy guy I asked him, ‘What ship is that?’ Well, it wasn’t a ship! The Fleet Marine Force. And that was that.”

     More often, new corpsmen were assigned to one of the many stateside naval hospitals. Either way, no corpsmen received assignment to a special forces unit like Force Recon.

     Once a corpsman volunteered and was accepted into Recon, they began the same regimen of training as their Marine counterparts. Field Medical Service School functioned as “basic training” for new corpsman serving with Marines. From there many attended infantry training, jungle warfare school, jump training, and even scuba qualification. 

     Another newly minted corpsman, Doc Bob Schoelkopf, grew frustrated with his initial assignment to Philadelphia Naval Hospital. He watched more and more wounded Marines come back from Vietnam. He felt helpless to do anything for them. He wanted to be in a position alongside the Marines, using his skills to help them avoid getting hurt in the first place. Schoelkopf heard about Second Recon Battalion out of Camp Lejeune looking for corpsmen to join the ranks. Everyone told him, “Never volunteer for anything!” Schoelkopf did the exact opposite, and joined the Marines. Schoelkopf underwent every kind of specialized training the Marines could cook up over the next 17 months. When his orders to Vietnam arrived in the fall of 1967, he was as prepared as he could possibly have been.

Doc Bob Schoelkopf stands at the center of the back row with the rest of his First Force Recon dive team in Hue City, February 1968. Schoelkopf took part in 12 combat dives in Vietnam, in addition to 32 long range patrols. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

Corpsman Up Collection

Honoring our Navy Docs.

INTO THE BUSH

     New corpsmen arriving in country joined a team and found themselves behind enemy lines in short order. Docs were in short supply in Force Recon, and their skills were needed on patrol. Patrol leaders maintained the same expectations of corpsman as any other Marine in the bush. Docs used all the same weapons, carried all the same gear, and ran every position from point man to tail end Charle. Their medical specialty served the patrol only after their tactical proficiency. 

     Outside of “normal” Recon patrols, corpsmen participated in every type of mission for which Force Recon was specially suited. Scuba qualified corpsmen joined Marines under the water, searching for ordnance, bodies, explosives rigged to bridges, and submerged tunnel entrances. More often corpsmen received jump qualification. In the entire history of the Marine Corps, only three combat jumps have been conducted. All of these took place in Vietnam. Even with this small number, and the limited amount of Marines who participated, Navy corpsmen still joined in the missions. 

     Both Force Recon companies in Vietnam maintained more teams in the bush than corpsmen to accompany them. Docs often ended up going out more than many of their Marine counterparts to cover teams without a corpsman assigned. 

     “It just kind of happened,” recalled Doc Bruce Norton. “What are you going to say, no?” Norton participated in over 30 patrols with both First and Third Force. Because of his experience, in both companies Norton eventually functioned as a patrol leader. Taking charge of a team in the bush was a rare assignment for a Navy corpsman. In the end, however, rank and tenure or branch of service mattered little. Experience trumped all.

     For corpsman grown accustomed to life in the bush, their attitude towards other Navy corpsmen adapted similarly to their fellow Marines’ attitudes towards the regular infantry. Recon thought the grunts were truly brave and crazy for going toe-to-toe with the bad guys in force, without the element of surprise, using every weapon available. On the other hand, grunts thought Recon Marines were the crazy ones, patrolling behind enemy lines in such small numbers looking for trouble.

     Similarly, regular hospital corpsmen questioned the sanity of a Doc who would volunteer to go get killed in the jungle on patrol. Recon Docs viewed these other corpsmen in country with equal fascination.

     “Occasionally I’d hitch a ride on a medevac chopper down to the hospital in Da Nang,” remembered Doc Norton. “Three corpsmen I knew were assigned there in triage. I thought they were out of their minds. You see a helicopter land with five or six casualties, or a number of dead, or guys with limbs blown off, and they were seeing this every day. My God, how do you do it? They thought I was insane going out on these long range recon missions, where I felt very comfortable and safe with my team, never having to deal with things like they did on a daily basis. I was just in awe of them.”

Doc Bruce Norton with his Third Force Recon team in 1969. Norton kneels in the middle of the front row. The only distinguishable feature of a corpsman is the medical kit, called a “Unit 1 bag,” positioned in the center of Norton’s torso behind his rifle. Courtesy Bruce Norton.

SCHOELKOPF

    Corpsmen expected and prepared to patch up their teammates, but did not necessarily expect to fix themselves. Bob Schoelkopf found himself in this position on one routine patrol insert. Doc and his team prepared to exit the CH-46 as it descended towards the LZ, with Schoelkopf staged to exit the bird last. As the tail ramp touched the ground, the team sprinted off the back. From the front, the pilot of the chopper saw muzzle flashes directly ahead. Enemy soldiers emerged from cover moving in his direction. Doc Schoelkopf was moving through the helicopter when the bird bucked beneath him, as if trying to throw him out. The pilot yanked the chopper’s nose into the air, away from the enemy fire, sending Schoelkopf tumbling down the tail ramp. With M16 in his left hand, Schoelkopf grasped for a hold with his right. As he rolled over the end of the ramp, he managed to grab a floor anchor point. He hung there for a split second before gravity pulled his 60 pound pack down on top of him. The shock of the extra weight ripped his shoulder out of socket and he lost his grip, plummeting 20 feet to the ground. 

     Schoelkopf found himself miraculously uninjured from the fall. His gear absorbed the brunt of the impact. With adrenaline dulling his pain, he realized his shoulder was out of socket after he found difficulty moving his arm. Still under fire and exposed in the LZ, Schoelkopf had to act fast. He took a knee and put the muzzle of his M16 in the ground. Using the rifle like a crutch, he placed the butt of the stock in his armpit and leaned into it. He increased the pressure and rotated his arm up and back until the joint popped into place. With no time for further examination, Schoelkopf picked up his gear and sprinted out of the LZ to join the rest of his team. He continued the patrol for four more days until they were extracted. By the time he made it back to the field hospital, he was told nothing more could be done than what he had already done to himself. Any further healing would happen on its own.

Doc Bob Schoelkopf geared up and ready for a patrol. “Back then, we were not into selfies,” he reflected. Courtesy Bob Schoelkopf.

     Many dangers other than the enemy presented themselves in the jungle. Suffocating heat and humidity brought on varying degrees of heat related illness. Feet and legs macerated in the wet environment, degenerating into a condition so common the Marines called it “jungle rot.” Contaminated water led to dysentery and intestinal parasites. Wildlife owned the country more than the NVA. Teams encountered large snakes and centipedes as long as their arms.  Swarms of mosquitos ate away at any exposed skin. Marines developed the morning habit of waking up and removing leeches from their faces. Some teams even ran into tigers in the bush. The corpsmen prepared to counter everything.

MERRITHEW

    Despite all other dangers, enemy contact remained the primary concern. This was the reason Force Recon existed in the jungle. They went searching for the enemy, in their territory. When teams made contact and the worst occurred, many times a Navy corpsman was all that could make the difference between life and death for a wounded Marine.

     Retired Major Larry Bender understood this reality with absolute clarity. Bender arrived with First Force as a 31 year old mustang officer. The team he led, callsign Veal Stew, was comprised of 18 and 19 year old Marines. The team’s Doc, HM2 Anzac Merrithew, came closest to Bender in age at 23. This gulf in years earned him the affectionate title of “the old man.”

     In May 1968, The team moved along the Truoi River valley in search of a large group of enemy they spotted on their last patrol. A foot path leading away from the water pointed them in the direction of the NVA encampment. 

     They formed a defensive position near the trail, when suddenly a NVA soldier came into view 20 meters away. He stopped in the trail and reached for the rifle slung over his shoulder. Seeing he had been made, the closest Marine fired a round into the soldier’s face sprawling him out on the trail. 

     The shot alerted other NVA to the team’s presence. Enemy soldiers closed in on the source of the noise firing their weapons. Lieutenant Bender crouched on a knee in his position. Without warning, two NVA broke through the brush less than ten feet away. Bender fired a burst into the soldier on the right, dropping him instantly. As he pivoted to take out the one on the left, he felt an enormous kick to the groin, knocking him flat on his back. 

     Time stood still as Bender lay bewildered on the jungle floor. What happened? Where was his rifle? Why did he feel warm? He felt around unsuccessfully for his M16 until the warmth in his legs warranted more attention. He reached down towards his crotch. His pants felt saturated. Returning to his face, two blood covered hands came into view. The sight preceded any feeling of pain, sending him further into shock. 

     Meanwhile, Doc Merrithew heard the gunfire and sprang around the tree separating him from Bender. A single fluid motion snapped the corpsman’s rifle into action and the second NVA soldier fell dead. The immediate threat silenced, Merrithew inspected the wounded Lt. Bright red blood rhythmically spurting from Bender’s leg left little need for investigation. Two bullets tore through his thigh, severing the saphenous vein and femoral artery. Doc had to stop the bleeding immediately. Bender would die in this jungle if they did not get him out.

Lieutenant Larry Bender kneels closest to the camera, following the conclusion of a patrol with his team in May 1968. Doc Merrithew, standing second from the left, saved his life less than two weeks later. Courtesy Larry Bender.

     More NVA came shooting through the trees and the entire patrol engaged in the firefight. Merrithew turned to find the team radioman, Corporal Dorris. 

     “Dorris! Hey Dorris!”

     He struggled to make himself heard over the exploding rifle fire. 

     “The old man’s been hit! If we don’t get him out of here fast he’s not gonna make it!”

     Returning to his patient, Merrithew found the entrance wounds three inches apart, high on the inside of Bender’s right thigh. He needed to get to the severed artery. The Doc unsheathed his Kabar and sliced a straight line in the leg from one hole to the other. He put the knife down and retrieved a clamp from his medical kit. With the clamp in his finger tips, he stuck his hand through the opening, up into Bender’s pelvis. He felt the gushing artery and clamped it off. Bender had lost a significant amount of blood and could not afford to lose any more. The clamp had to work. To ensure it remained, Merrithew kept his hand inside the old man’s body squeezing the clamp tight.

     As the Doc performed his lifesaving work, adrenaline and shock gave way to waves of pain sweeping through Bender’s body.

     “Doc, give me some morphine, you got to give me some morphine!”

     Merrithew offered words of encouragement, but left the syrettes in his kit. Experience taught him that morphine at this stage would not only dull the pain, but kill the patient. The old man had lost too much blood.

     Cpl Dorris raised the combat operations center on his radio.

     “Night Scholar, Night Scholar, this is Veal Stew. We are in contact. Doc says the old man is hit and if we don’t get him out he ain’t gonna make it!”

     The team needed to move to an area where a medevac chopper could get Bender off the ground. Two of the Marines grabbed under his arms and dragged his upper half. At six feet four inches tall, and weighing 220 pounds without his gear, the entire team would be required to carry him. Merrithew crawled alongside Bender’s lower half. He kept his head down and focus on his hand still clamping the severed artery inside the pelvis.

     At the same time the firefight erupted, a CH-46 with escorting gunships hovered just a few miles away. The loaded bird descended into an LZ inserting another Force Recon team. The pilot heard the distress call over his frequency. His insert mission completed, the pilot immediately took off in the team’s direction. Within minutes the chopper arrived overhead for the medevac. The trailing gunships strafed the jungle surrounding the team on the ground. 

     Dorris fired a pencil flare through a small opening in the triple canopy to signal their position. The chopper hovered 80 feet overhead and lowered a jungle penetrator through the trees. The hoist device was designed to accommodate one man. This time they would make it work for two. Merrithew mounted the hoist, straddling the seat, with his legs around the cable leading up to the chopper. The rest of the team heaved Bender into his lap, chest to chest with the cable between them, and wrapped Bender’s legs around the Doc’s waist. Merrithew maintained a steady grasp on the artery clamp as they mounted the hoist and began the long ascent to the helicopter.

     They willed the hoist higher as an eternity passed. Bender retained enough lucidity to recognize the rest of his team still shooting it out on the ground, and enemy muzzle flashes surrounding them. They finally reached the bottom of the bird. The crew assisted Bender and Merrithew into the back. Doc reasserted his grip on the artery, as the old man’s body slumped to the floor. In another moment of alarming clarity, Bender recognized the distinct sound of bullets punching through aluminum skin. The sound coupled with streams of light trickling through new holes in the side of the chopper.

     “Those sons of bitches are still trying to get me!”

     The pilot lifted off and flew directly to the closest Marine base at Phu Bai. A team of Marines and doctors hauled Bender off the aircraft to the field hospital, with Merrithew still at his side. The doctors laid the old man on the table and began their work to keep him alive and save his leg. Surrounded by highly skilled medical professionals, Doc Merrithew finally let go of the clamp and pulled his hand out of Bender’s leg. 

     A year later, following a miraculous and full recovery, Lt Bender sat in a medical board reviewing the incident. The board members described events the Marine could not have known at the time. A dose of morphine would certainly have killed him. Merrithew’s understanding this spoke to his experience and skill. He took 19 units of blood on the table in triage when he arrived to the hospital. A doctor saved his leg by reattaching the femoral artery, using a procedure he had only read about in a medical journal. The board also stressed one point that Bender already believed. Merrithew saved his life.

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EPILOGUE: TRUE IDENTITY

     Recon Docs experienced a complete transformation from Navy Corpsman to Force Recon Marine by the end of their combat tours. When the time came to depart Vietnam, various paths awaited. Their combat experience and highly specialized training made them prime candidates for the Navy’s burgeoning special forces community. Following his tour with First Force, Doc Schoelkopf received an offer to become part of the newly formed Navy SEALs. He politely declined. He had seen enough combat. Other corpsmen accepted these offers and returned to Vietnam. 

     Most Docs returned to the “normal” Navy. Many of those who took this path experienced unexpected difficulty. They arrived home to a nation apathetic, even openly hostile, towards them because of their service. In addition, they found themselves surrounded by a garrison Navy that could not possibly understand the things they survived with the Marines. The brotherhood forged on patrol in the jungle evaporated into an environment where standards and camaraderie were meaningless. Their environment changed, but their mindset could not. They walked, talked, and fought like Marines.

A Recon Doc’s standard medical kit was called a Unit 1 Bag. The contents could be as varied as the corpsmen who carried them. In this team, two Marines wear a Unit 1 Bag, front and center across their torso. Though these Marines were not corpsmen, Doc’s often encouraged other Marines to carry their own Unit 1. Courtesy Dave Thompson.

     Five decades after his time with Marines in Vietnam, Bob Schoelkopf drove his truck through his hometown in New Jersey. A First Force Reconnaissance Company seal emblazoned the rear glass of the cab. He parked the truck at the hardware store and got out. 

     “You served with Force Recon?”

     Schoelkopf looked across the bed of his truck at the stranger posing the question, a man roughly his age wearing a USMC hat. 

     “Yes, I did.”

     “Yeah I know you guys. I was crew chief on a 46. You guys were the ones always knocking out my windows with your barrels on hot inserts so you could shoot the bad guys too!”

     Schoelkopf smirked, affirming truth in the accusation. 

     “Yep, that was us. Semper Fi.”

     Through the intervening years, Recon Docs have continually related more to the Marines than their own branch of service. Even so, they uphold a single defining distinction of their true identity. Bruce Norton authored multiple best-selling books on his time with the Marines in Vietnam. Following his enlistment in the Navy, Norton accepted a commission as a Marine infantry officer and retired as a Major. He has taught at university level, and worked as a historian for the Marine Corps. For all the possible titles earned throughout his life, to this day Norton still goes by “Doc.”

     “When you came into the company, you were just one of the corpsmen,” he remembered, “but once you started functioning as a member of a team, you became the Doc, and it stuck.”

     Corpsmen earning this simple title carry it with pride. It reflects not just their job in the Navy, but the admiration and love of the Marines with whom they served.

     “You have to understand how beautiful these men were,” offered Larry Bender. “They were as much Marine as any Marine that ever walked.”

Originally published in Leatherneck Magazine, April 2019.

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Feature Stories, Vietnam

Gallantry and Intrepidity: 3rd Bn, 26th Marines in Operation Meade River

Gallantry and Intrepidity:

3rd Bn, 26th Marines in Operation Meade River.

By Kyle Watts     8/1/2017

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"SEND IN THE 26TH MARINES"

     The Tet Offensive, Khe Sanh, and the battle for Hue City are important and defining moments of the Vietnam War in 1968. Marines carried out countless other less remembered, less publicized, operations throughout that year. Many of these battles, though shorter in duration and smaller in scale, proved consequential to the United States military’s broader plans for success.

     The warriors of 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines fought in many such lesser known engagements. If 1968 had been a busy year for the Marine Corps, 3/26 was no exception. In fact, the battalion had been busy ever since their arrival to Vietnam two years earlier. The battalion continuously found itself wherever they were needed, parceled out to any division in any sector calling for support at the time.

     “Every time something came up, they said ‘send in the 26th Marines,’” remembered Lee Solomon, a veteran from Lima 3/26. “We lived in the jungle. We didn’t have an area of operations. We were nomads in country and everywhere we went, we were in a fight. I spent 19 months in combat there and that’s all I did the whole time.” They fought through numerous smaller operations and played central roles in large scale engagements such as the battle of Con Thien and the siege of Khe Sanh.

     Experiences in the bush ranged from hilarious to harrowing. These shaped the battalion’s spirit and cemented the Marines’ dedication to each other through every succeeding operation. During one example from late summer 1968, the battalion found itself on the side of a mountain, in the middle of a typhoon, moving through the Hai Van pass. After several days soaked and submerged with trench foot now a common ailment, the Marines began hiking out. Staff Sergeant Karl Taylor of India Company moved up and down the column encouraging everyone on foot. “Come on Marines! This is no worse than anything you experienced in boot camp!” Gunny T, as Taylor was affectionately known, had been a drill instructor at both enlisted boot camp and Officer Candidates School. He knew how to properly motivate a group of Marines. The battalion made it to Da Nang, adding a typhoon to their ever-growing list of Vietnam life experiences.

Karl “Gunny T” Taylor shortly before Operation Meade River. Courtesy Chris Tibbs.

     Like Gunny T, everyone had a nickname. “Muddy Boots”, “Tumbleweed”, “Stretch”, and “Bambino” to name a few. Some were earned and some were bestowed unwillingly on the recipient. Many times the nicknames were intended to make things less personal, just in case the Marine was killed. Other times, the nickname originated as a term of endearment that bonded the Marines closer together.

     By November 1968, 3/26 was a battle-hardened brotherhood of infantrymen. Their warfighting skills were soon called upon to help clean out a notoriously bad area known to the Marines as “Dodge City.”

DODGE CITY

    The area occupied less than fifteen square miles of ground Southwest of Da Nang. The terrain was flat, bounded by rivers, and covered in rice paddies and elephant grass. The most prominent feature was a high railroad berm running like a spine straight across the entire sector. Considering its relatively small size, Dodge City held a disproportionately large number of bad guys. The region acted as a staging area and command post for Viet Cong (VC) and North Vietnamese Army (NVA) units moving towards the US installations at Da Nang. Over the years, the enemy turned the landscape into an intricate network of dug in bunkers, connecting underground tunnels, hidden spider holes, and innumerable other concealed positions. Given the terrain advantage afforded to the enemy, Marines in Dodge City were usually taking fire before they ever even saw where it came from.

     Marines had been there many times before. Even 3/26 had fought there just a few months earlier in July 1968 during Operation Mameluke Thrust. Every time, Dodge City proved its reputation as a wild, free fire zone always full of action. Marine commanders finally had enough and decided to clean it out for good.

72 helicopters from 1st Marine Aircraft Wing lifted four of the seven participating battalions into position on November 20th, including 3/26. This would be the largest Marine air assault of the Vietnam War. USMC Photo.

    The operation, called Meade River, was set to commence on November 20th. Generally, the plan was straightforward: surround the area, squeeze the circle tight, and kill every bad guy they found until the Marines met in the middle. To conduct this massive cordon and search, six infantry battalions from three Marine regiments, and a Battalion Landing Team under Navy control, were brought together. Enough helicopters to create the largest Marine air assault of the Vietnam War were not enough to move everyone into place. Some battalions were trucked into position, still others humped on foot. 

     Commanders designed the cordon to place a Marine every 15 to 20 meters all the way around Dodge City. Inch by inch, hole by hole, the Marines would shrink the cordon, thoroughly searching every place to hide and eliminating any threats. In the early morning hours of November 20th, the operation commenced. Shortly after 0800, Marines had sealed off Dodge City and snapped the cordon shut.

USMC Photo.

THE HORSESHOE

     Marines of 3/26 settled into position on the southwest side of the cordon near the junction of the railroad berm and Route Four. On their left flank, 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines began the opening moves to shrink the cordon. For 3/26, the first two days were relatively quiet. The battalion maintained its portion of the line while 2/7 moved into the attack and South Vietnamese troops worked to evacuate the remaining civilians from Dodge City. At night, VC and NVA fighters attempted to escape the trap. Numerous times the enemy was seen moving through the darkness and fired upon by the Marines. Sometimes they fell, and their bodies were found the next day. Other times the figures melted back into the shadows. The Marines of Kilo and India Companies engaged in nightly firefights, taking sniper rounds, grenades, and 60 millimeter mortars. Casualties were sustained on both sides.

     On the 23rd, 3/26 began pushing north and east from Route Four into an area known as “the Horseshoe.” The size of one grid square, and named for the distinctive "U" shaped stream that bounded the area, the Horseshoe proved to be the first enemy stronghold met in Dodge City. 2/7 hit resistance here almost immediately on the opening day of the operation, and had been thrown back multiple times. Now the Marines of Lima 3/26 were sent in direct support of the next assault. Lima encountered the same stiff resistance, suffering four killed and more wounded.

Aerial view of the Horseshoe. USMC Photo.

     The following day, Marines made their 5th attempt to overrun the enemy dug into the Horseshoe. Kilo 3/26 was now pulled to support 2/7 in the assault alongside Lima. Intense machine gun and sniper fire raked the Marines as they moved less than 200 yards from where they began. Under fire and moving through dense foliage, the attack stalled yet again. Kilo received the brunt of this round, sustaining half the overall casualties of the day.

     Resistance in the Horseshoe had been tougher than anticipated. If this opening act of Meade River was any indication of how the entire operation would go, it did not bode well. Clearly more VC and NVA occupied Dodge City than had been anticipated, and clearly they were not going to surrender. 

Marines cross one of the many rivers flowing through Dodge City. Significant rains through the opening days of the operation made closing the cordon a more difficult and miserable task. USMC Photo.

     Recognizing the futility of another infantry assault, the Marines pulled back from the Horseshoe and let loose an artillery barrage. Howitzers decimated the area the entire morning of the 25th. In the afternoon Marines finally overran the Horseshoe and reached their objective at the railroad berm.

     The battalion had been bloodied early and quickly, finding itself in the middle of the hottest action. Unfortunately for them, this would not be the last enemy stronghold they encountered, or the last time they found themselves in the middle of the action. Their path to the center of the circle would be unlike any other participating battalion.

TIGHTENING THE NOOSE

     Over the next few days, Marines all over Dodge City shrank the cordon inch by inch. Many Marines carried probes to locate the enemy beneath their feet. These slender metal canes, three feet long with a “T” handle on top, were stabbed into the ground everywhere as the Marines walked. If the probe slid easily into the dirt, the Marine knew he was standing on top of an enemy tunnel, spider hole, weapons cache, or any one of the numerous dwellings the NVA had burrowed into the landscape. The battalion’s Command Chronology for this period noted that supporting arms fire was often ineffectual and, “It was found that the enemy had to be ferreted out by individual Marines, using tactics similar to those used during World War II during the Island Campaigns.”

     Air support was difficult to coordinate. With Marines closing the cordon on an already cramped area, any bombs or napalm dropped were considered danger close. Also, many of the enemy fortifications were deep in the ground, reinforced with concrete, and covered in several feet of dirt and railroad ties stolen from the berm running through Dodge City. From these fortifications the enemy could wait out any barrage and come up to ambush the infantry as they passed through the open rice paddies.

     Despite the challenges, 3/26 pushed on. Probes revealed weapon stocks, tunnels, booby traps, shallow enemy graves, and spider holes. Often times the enemy revealed themselves only after the Marines had unknowingly walked right over their position. Sometimes the only good way to locate the enemy was for a Marine to expose himself, wait to be shot at, and look for the muzzle flash.

A Marine passes through the open terrain typical of Dodge City. Numerous enemy spider holes were hidden throughout the area, nearly impossible to locate before a Marine was on top of them. USMC Photo.

3/26 Marines  probe for mines burried in a rice paddy dike. USMC Photo.

    Some Marines had their own methods for finding the enemy. At one point during the operation, Cpl Felipe Torres and other India Company Marines were moving through elephant grass scouring the ground. Torres stopped India’s Forward Observer, Larry “Beaver” Gore. 

    “Beaver,” he said, “I think I smell them.” 

     “You smell them?” Beaver replied.

     “Yeah, they’re over there in that brush.” Said Torres.

     “Well, go get them!” said Beaver.

     With the platoon leader in tow, Cpl Torres low crawled into the brush. After several meters, he stumbled upon two Viet Cong creeping out of a spider hole. They were in the process of handing up a grenade to throw at passing Marines. Startled at the sight of the VC popping out of the ground right in front of him, Torres yelled, “Hey dude!” and immediately shot both enemy soldiers at point blank range with his pistol. Torres back peddled through the brush as fast as he could into his platoon leader, who opened up over his head with a submachine gun. The enemy fighters fell back into their hole dropping the grenade. 

     Several yards away, India’s Company Commander, Captain Ron Hoover, was talking on the radio. Without warning, he heard Torres’s shout, immediately followed by the “BANG BANG” of a .45, the staccato “DA-DA-DA-DA-DA” of a submachine gun, and finally the “BOOM” of a grenade. Still trying to absorb the events of the last few seconds, a bootless foot tumbled through the air and landed on the ground next to where Hoover was standing. “Great,” he thought, “I’ve lost another Lieutenant.” 

     Much to his relief, both Torres and the lieutenant emerged unscathed from the brush. Cpl Torres would later be awarded the Silver Star for heroic actions demonstrated throughout Meade River, and eventually rose to the rank of Colonel. 

     Thanksgiving Day came and passed as a brief respite for the battalion. On their right flank, 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines prepared to punch into the heart of Dodge City. Their objective was a parcel of land bounded by a bend in the Suoi Co Ca River. Occupying less than a third of a grid square, the Marines didn’t know this tiny pocket of land housed the NVA command center for the whole Dodge City area. To the Marines, it was simply, “the Hook.”

Aerial view of the Hook. USMC Photo.

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THE HOOK

     For two days, 3/5 battled for position. An entrenched enemy repulsed each new assault wave, leaving the battalion with many casualties. The type and number of enemy bunkers within the Hook were unlike those faced in the Horseshoe, and defended even more tenaciously. On December 3rd, 3/26 was called in to replace 3/5 on the front line. 

     The previous assaults had demonstrated two things. First, an infantry assault into the Hook without air support was suicide. Second, the bunkers in the Hook were so well constructed, many of them could withstand artillery and air power. Given these facts, 3/26 chose a new, more risky tactic: bombard the Hook while the infantry assaulted. This was the only way to keep the NVA’s heads down long enough for the Marines to maneuver into position. “Danger Close” was redefined as 500 pound bombs and napalm began fell within 100 yards of the Marine line.

Marine “Tunnel Rats” crawled underground, rooting out any enemy soldiers left alive and tallying the dead. Many of these underground routes were collapsed by Marine air and artillery support, burying their occupants alive. USMC Photo.

The entrance to one of many similar fortifications found in the Hook. Deep underground, and connected by tunnels, these bunkers concealed fire ports looking out over the open ground through which Marines passed. USMC Photo.

    Just across the river from the Hook, 2/5 and 2/26 had closed the cordon from the East up to the Suoi Co Ca’s banks. They watched as Marine F-4 Phantoms screamed in overhead unloading their ordnance. Showered in dirt and debris from the explosions, the battalions pulled back from the river trying to avoid friendly fire. 

      Into this maelstrom 3/26 surged.  From the ground, India Company 2nd Platoon leader Chris Tibbs watched as one F-4 flew in low and fast along the river. On its first pass, one tank of napalm tumbled to the ground and exploded on target. On the second run, Lieutenant Tibbs watched in horror as the Phantom’s remaining tank of napalm released from the front, but hung up on the back. Finally the tank released, overshooting the target and heading right at the Marines’ position. As Tibbs watched the tank barreling towards him, he was hit. Not by a bullet or bomb, but by Gunny T. At a sprint, Karl Taylor speared Tibbs to the ground, screaming, “Hold your breath Lieutenant!” Miraculously, the napalm exploded without harming the Marines.

      The battalion fought in along the south side of the Hook. Casualties began to mount and some platoons were reduced to squad sized elements. Enemy snipers and machine gunners took their toll ambushing Marines in the open as they advanced only 20 yards away. Hospitalman James Tarrance moved around the field performing first aid. When one Marine fell wounded, Tarrance came forward positioning himself in full view between the enemy and the injured man. He was quickly shot through the neck and killed. For his heroism, Tarrance was posthumously awarded the Silver Star.

NVA Officer taken prisoner by India Company in the Hook. This was one of only 10 prisoners taken during this phase of the battle. USMC Photo.

     Another Marine armed with a M72 Light Anti-Tank Weapon stood to fire his rocket at an enemy bunker. Simultaneously, an enemy soldier stood and leveled his rifle to fire. The Marine adjusted his aim and managed to pull the trigger faster than his enemy, obliterating the soldier and his AK-47.

     The battalion continued fighting in this fashion for two more days before they finally overran the hook. On December 5th, the battalion found nearly 100 dead enemy soldiers as they consolidated and mopped up any remaining tunnels and bunkers. Some dead could not be counted as they were buried deep under destroyed fortifications. Less than ten prisoners had been taken.

THE CENTER OF THE CIRCLE

     The NVA and VC had proven they were not giving up and would not go without a fight. The cordon squeezed all remaining enemy into the center of Dodge City with their backs to the La Tho River. As 3/26 pushed them north out of the Hook, Marines from 1/1 along the north side of the cordon picked off any NVA who attempted to ford the river and escape the trap. The enemy knew the end was near, and prepared to fight to the death. This last holdout became known as, “the Northern Bunker Complex,” and proved to be the bitterest fighting of the entire operation.

Aerial view of the Northern Bunker Complex. USMC Photo.

     With the cordon now significantly smaller in size, some participating battalions were sent home. The Marines of 3/26 thought they would be one of those homeward bound units, given the fierce fighting they experienced and their depleted numbers. This, however, did not materialize. Two battalions east of the Suoi Ca Co departed. 3/26, still in the center of the circle would remain in place to finish the job.

     To reinforce their dwindling numbers, 3/26 was given control over two additional rifle companies for their assault into the Northern Bunker Complex. On December 7th, the battalion began the 1000 meter drive north into this last enemy stronghold to complete the pacification of Dodge City.

     As expected, the initial assaults met heavy resistance. Moving through waist high brush and elephant grass, Marines could get within feet of an enemy position before they even knew it was there. By nightfall, the battalion was forced to halt and dig in. Many casualties were suffered, and Marines spent the night searching through the darkness for their fallen. The numerous bomb craters marking the landscape offered the only protection against the enemy emplacements.

A CH-46 helicopter resupplies Marines on the ground, and evacuates civilians from Dodge City. USMC Photo.

A Marine prepares an explosive charge to throw down the entrance of an enemy bunker in Dodge City. USMC Photo.

     By this point, air support was impossible to coordinate. With 3/26 to the south and 1/1 across the river to the north, the enemy was confined to a very narrow strip of land. One attempted napalm strike went awry, hitting Lima company positions and burning four Marines. Eventually even mortars were forbidden due to the extreme likelihood of friendly fire. The Northern Bunker Complex would have to be taken by Marines on the ground with rifles, grenades, pistols, and Ka-bars.

     The Marines could sense the end of the battle was near and were ready to be done with it. A tree line concealing enemy bunkers stood less than 100 yards away from the Marine front across an open, dried up rice paddy. Just beyond that, the La Tho and 1/1 in their blocking position. In the late afternoon of December 8th, Commanders ordered the battalion into the attack, hoping to crush the remaining NVA with one final push. Preparing to dig in for the night, 3/26 hastily readied themselves instead to advance once more. They had not had time to attempt a recon of the area to determine what they were up against, but they knew it would be fearsome.

SUPREME SACRIFICE

     As the sun set over their left flank, all companies stood online and began the creep forward. Standing exposed, inching across the paddy, an eerie silence pervaded the battlefield. “It went dead quiet,” said Chris Tibbs, “there was not a round fired by the bad guys, the most quiet we’d had all day. Talk about foreboding!” Punctuated only by the ringing in their ears and the sound of their footsteps, the calm continued until the Marines moved around 30 yards ahead of their position. The crack of a single sniper’s bullet ripped through the air. Marines heard over the radio a platoon leader from India Company was hit. As the call crackled over the radio, all hell broke loose.

Marines in the open return fire while on the move through Dodge City. As seen, little to no cover was available to the Marines. USMC Photo

      NVA machine guns concealed in bunkers caught 3/26 in the open. Marines dove or fell into the numerous craters or against a small rice paddy dike. “Every time I’d lift my head that gun would open up and the rounds would come zinging,” remembered Mike “Diddybop” DiGiampaolo. “It’s like a weed whacker going through the bush.” 

     All over the field Marines were cut off and pinned to the ground. Chris Tibbs’s India Two, now barely a squad, occupied a bomb crater. Calling it their “Alamo”, Tibbs told the Marines to bring all the dead and wounded back the crater, where they would hold their position. 

     Hearing Tibbs’s order, Karl Taylor crossed the kill zone finding India CO Ron Hoover. 

    “Skipper, give me that blooper,” he said. “My men are in trouble. I’ve got to go help my Marines.” 

     Hoover handed him the single shot M79 grenade launcher they had found abandoned by its owner earlier in the operation. SSgt Taylor took off into the twilight. Turning to Larry Gore, Hoover said, “Beaver, don’t let him do anything stupid. Go with him.”

     Gunny T and Beaver moved from cover to cover, finding wounded Marines at each stop along the way. They directed those who could move, and assisted those who could not, back to the crater occupied by 2nd Platoon. As Beaver and the other Marines moved and carried the wounded, Gunny T lobbed a steady stream of grenades from his M79 into the enemy machine gun positions.

A Marine in Dodge City returns fire with an M79 grenade launcher. USMC Photo.

     Multiple machine guns pinned down the Marines that night, but one in particular wreaked the most havoc in India’s section. An NVA soldier skillfully operated a 12.7 millimeter heavy machine gun. “He was good with it,” said Beaver, “He knew enough to fire six inches off the ground and small bursts.” The gunner found SSgt Taylor in his sights as the Marine moved about the field. Taylor found him as well, and kept the gunner’s head down with the M79 as Beaver and the others rescued the wounded.

     After multiple trips from the crater into the field and back with wounded, Gunny T and Beaver crawled out a final time. They joined some of the Marines who were furthest ahead of the others and trapped close to the enemy bunkers. By this time, Gunny T had successfully silenced two enemy guns, and was out of grenades. The last remaining machine gun maintained a steady rate of fire. The Marines lie trapped on the ground, several already wounded. Taylor took all the M79 ammo the Marines with him had left, and ordered Beaver to get everyone else back to the crater with 2nd platoon.

      They began to fall back when suddenly, through the darkness behind him, Beaver heard the dueling explosions of grenades versus machine gun. “It was horrible just hearing that,” he remembered. “We said, ‘oh my God he’s still alive. He’s still alive.’ We kept hearing ‘BLOOP…BOOM,’ then, ‘BOW BOW BOW BOW BOW!’” Charging through the open rice paddy, Taylor assaulted the NVA heavy machine gun, firing grenades as he ran.

     The Marines heard the blooper fire once more and a final following retort from the heavy machine gun, then the field fell silent.  When they finally reached his position later, the Marines found Taylor dead, killed by the enemy machine gunner. They also found with his last shot, Taylor had simultaneously knocked out that machine gun.

     For his heroic actions, supreme sacrifice, and dedication to his Marines, SSgt Taylor was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

SSgt Karl Taylor gave his life for his Marines during Operation Meade River and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. USMC Photo.

    Following the duel, the Marines spent the remainder of the night engaged in hand to hand combat. The remaining NVA and VC in the area made their final attempts to break through the Marine lines and escape. They were not interested in surrender. They would escape or die. By day break on December 9th, few enemy remained to fight. 

      3/26 launched the final assault of the operation, overrunning the Northern Bunker Complex all the way to the La Tho River. The resistance encountered was determined, but lacking the scale and organization of the previous day. At 1800, Operation Meade River was officially declared complete.

Main combat zones of Operation Meade River.

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EPILOGUE: A HERO AMONG HEROS

     The Marines fell back out of the Northern Bunker Complex and waited for their ride out of Dodge City. Helicopters dropped the remainder of the battalion back outside of Da Nang. Lieutenant Tibbs marched with his platoon through the gates. 

     “Who are you?” shouted a guard.

     “India Two,” replied Tibbs.

     The guard continued questioning. “Where is the rest of the platoon?”

     “This IS India Two!” Tibbs fired back. 

     Only ten Marines remained out of 44.

Officers from India Company pose for a photo during Operation Meade River. In the middle stand India CO Ron Hoover (Left) and 2nd Platoon Leader Chris Tibbs (Right). Courtesy Chris Tibbs.

     Meade River dealt a tough blow to the NVA. Over 1000 enemy soldiers were killed. Just over 100 were captured. Nearly 400 fortified bunkers were destroyed, along with innumerable tunnels and spider holes. Meade River also exacted a high cost on the seven Marine battalions who participated. 108 Marines had been killed, and 510 wounded. Of those totals, 3/26 suffered 33 killed, and 141 wounded. For their gallantry and intrepidity, Marines from 3/26 earned ten Silver Stars, one Navy Cross, and the Medal of Honor. Richard Nixon awarded the battalion the Presidential Unit Citation for their role in the operation.

     The pacification of Dodge City minimally affected the long term goals of the US military in Vietnam. Following the operation, no Marine units were tasked to remain in the area and maintain the hard fought victory. The enemy quickly moved back into the area and regained strength.

     50 years ago, 3/26 wrote the story of Operation Meade River.  Today, for many of the veterans who fought there, its story continues writing them.

     “I saw the real Marines come out,” said Ron Hoover. “I did not have to tell them anything. We had a camaraderie there that I’ve never seen in any other infantry outfit that I was with in my 20 years. They were second to none. Karl [Taylor] was a hero that stood out among heroes. He was not the John Wayne type, but he had a dedication to the Marine Corps that all drill instructors have, and his troops were most important in his mind.”

     For the Marines of 3/26, Operation Meade River receives mixed reviews. To some, their time in Dodge City was no different from the rest of their tours. Living in the bush, in constant combat, the events of November and December 1968 blend in with the rest. 

     For others, Meade River remains the fight they will never forget. No span of time can erase the memories of the Hook and Northern Bunker complex. No other point of their time in Vietnam can be more meaningful than the night Karl Taylor gave his life for them.

     Author’s Note: To the warriors of  3rd Battalion, 26th Marines. Always on point. Thank you for your service, your sacrifice, and entrusting me with your stories. I wish you and your fallen all the honor you deserve. Semper Fidelis.

Originally published in Leatherneck Magazine, August 2017.

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First to Fight: First Force Recon in Operation Hue City

First to Fight:

First Force Recon in Operation Hue City.

By Kyle Watts     2/1/2018

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A WHOLE NEW INTENSITY

    Veterans and civilians alike assume significance in the battle for Hue City. The warriors who fought in that gruesome urban combat are respected and revered.  Prior to the battle in the city, though, the Marines of First Force Reconnaissance Company waged a far less recognized or understood war in the surrounding jungle. Their role supporting Operation Hue City commenced weeks prior to the Tet Offensive in January 1968, and carried into the main conflict. Their fight adopted various forms for which their skill sets were uniquely suited.

     “First to Fight” was their motto. It held true in the hills surrounding Hue, just as it did in every operation they supported.  These Marines never held the spotlight, but their mission was vital, and always kill or be killed. Moving swift and silent on long range patrols, four to eight man teams observed the enemy from the shadows, set up ambushes, and called for fire from artillery or air support. What they lacked in numerical superiority or firepower they made up in stunning expertise, bravery, and creative action. A study conducted during the war discovered when patrols made enemy contact, 95 percent of the time Force Recon initiated contact. The study also concluded for every Force Recon Marine killed in action, 34 enemy were killed. This kill ratio was over four times higher than regular Marine infantry units.

     For most people today, only Hollywood can create the scenes and situations Force Recon Marines faced in Vietnam. Whether dangling in midair while taking fire, jumping from a cliff into the back of a waiting helicopter, or diving into an underwater tunnel looking for the enemy, for them it was routine. It was their job. The jungles surrounding Hue were no exception.

First Force Recon Team Petrify at Camp Reasoner in Da Nang, November 1967. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

    First Force launched patrols north towards the city from their base in Phu Bai, eight miles south of Hue. Through December 1967 and January 1968, the Marines experienced more and more contact with the North Vietnamese Army (NVA), and saw increased activity throughout the area. Some patrols were overrun and lost. Others were extracted under fire, barely escaping alive. Even so, the company maintained a rigorous patrol schedule. 

     “Operations took on a whole new intensity in ’68. We were very busy. In the bush for five or six days, back for a couple days, then right back out again. We never went into an area where it wasn’t expected there was enemy present. That was our reason for being there, so there were no patrols where you ever thought, ‘well this is going to be a cake walk,’” said Bill Hauxhurst, First Force veteran from late 1967 to early 1969.

TET

     As the Tet holiday approached, recon Marines watched the NVA streaming into Hue. After the offensive was launched on January 31st, patrols became even more harrowing.

     “Every day all we did was count literally hundreds of enemy troops moving into the city,” said Bob Buda, a platoon sergeant and team leader with First Force awarded three Purple Hearts. “We were trying to call fire missions and air support constantly.”

     The battle now raging in the city made helicopter extraction for the recon patrols nearly impossible. Anything in the air was likely to be shot down.

Sgt Bob Buda (left) and Cpl Sam Carver (right) stand equipped with typical recon patrol gear. Buda also carries a corpsman's medical kit on his chest. Courtesy Bob Buda.

     On one patrol, Buda’s team was detected by a larger enemy force. They ran from the enemy up the side of a mountain in a life or death game of cat and mouse. At the top, with nowhere else to go, the team called a helicopter for emergency extraction. The bird arrived to find the team standing at the edge of a cliff.

     “The helicopter came in and hovered against the face of the cliff, which was an outcropping of stone in the mountain,” Buda recalled. “We were able to leap from the stone onto the tailgate of the helicopter one guy at a time to get out of there.”

     One Marine missed the tailgate and fell over 30 feet through the trees below. Those behind him watched their buddy disappear into the foliage, thinking they had witnessed his death. Beyond their expectations, he appeared back at the top of the cliff by the time the helicopter started pulling away with the rest of the team. One of the escort Huey gunships swooped down to the cliff edge. When they felt the skids touch the ground, the crew grabbed the Marine into the helicopter. The entire patrol was extracted alive.

STUNNING EXPERTISE

     Another patrol produced similar circumstances for Buda and his team. The eight man patrol ran into part of an NVA unit and initially maintained their position for the fight. It became clear the enemy outnumbered them at least seven to one as the gun battle progressed.  The enemy closed close enough to lob grenades into their position. The Marines decided their only chance for survival was making it to the top of a nearby hill. 

     The team fought through the blocking enemy position, killing four NVA soldiers in the process. The dense jungle provided concealment as they moved towards the top of the hill, looking for a possible extraction site. The Marines had been on patrol over 18 hours and darkness was settling in. The last rays of sunlight provided the last possibility of hope for extraction from the jungle and the enemy force that now had them completely surrounded. 

     At the head of the column, Buda encountered a large trail. He posted security while the remainder of the team passed and moved up the trail towards the high ground. AK-47 fire sprayed in the Marines’ direction as they emerged from the jungle. The errant rounds revealed the enemy closing in, but not yet close enough to see. Buda took this opportunity to set his own ambush.

     “I pulled a claymore out of my pack and emplaced it on the side of the trail,” he said. “I rolled out the line and took a hidden position behind a tree while the rest of the team moved up towards the hill top.”

     Buda lay 30 feet of wire behind him before the NVA patrol came into view. The enemy spanned the width of the trail, moving in ranks towards Buda’s concealed position. He waited patiently as the patrol moved into range. Sweat burned in his eyes and he tried to control his breath as he hid motionless. The enemy approached just feet from the claymore and Buda squeezed the detonator. The blast flung four NVA who were closest through the air. 700 steel balls shot out, shredding the flying bodies and others still on their feet. Ten enemy soldiers died instantly. The ensuing confusion gave Buda enough time to slip away and rejoin the rest of the patrol at the top of the hill. 

     The team leader called for emergency extraction. By the time helicopters were overhead, darkness had fallen. The Marines fought the enemy closing in on all sides. There was nowhere else to go. The patrol leader directed air support from the Huey gunships. This delicate coordination spelled life or death for the Marines. Friendly fire from the gunships posed a threat as dangerous as the approaching NVA. The Hueys made strafe after strafe, lighting up the jungle with machine guns and rockets. The Marines on the ground saw enemy tracers return skyward towards the helicopters.

A CH-46 Transport Helicopter extracts a Marine using a jungle penetrator. USMC Photo.

     A CH-46 hovered into position over the patrol. Crew members poured out heavy machine gun fire from side doors as they lowered a hoist 60 feet down to the ground. The device, called a “jungle penetrator,” looked like a three pronged fish hook and was designed to lift one man. In situations like these, recon teams often loaded two or even three Marines at a time. Facing each other, leg over leg, the Marines clutched one another and the hoist as they rose through the air towards the belly of the bird. While the team lifted out, the gunships continued blazing paths through the jungle around their position. 

     Agonizing seconds turned into minutes. The helicopter stayed steady overhead while the team made trip after trip getting everyone aboard. AK-47 rounds smacked the side of the helicopter and tore through the trees. One Marine was shot in midair as the hoist lifted him skyward. Finally, the last of the team made it aboard, and the helicopters leaped into the air out of harm’s way. For his action remaining behind and setting his own ambush, Bob Buda was awarded a Bronze Star with Combat "V"

     Into these perilous circumstances recon Marines unhesitatingly patrolled. They collected intelligence and monitored the enemy’s ingress and egress from the city. First Force conducted 35 patrols through the month of February, calling over 120 fire missions or airstrikes on enemy targets. Out of 180 Marines in the company, 34 were wounded and four killed.

Destroyed street in Hue. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

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HUE

     Meanwhile, the streets of Hue raged in exceedingly more lethal conflict. The Vietnamese jungle presented grunts with unimaginable dangers and challenges, but the urban environment of Hue combined the deadliest parts of modern warfare in a close quarters battle that infantry Marines were not accustomed to fighting.

     The simple geography of Hue presented its own challenges. The Perfume River cut through the middle of the city, splitting it in two. North of the river, the ancient Citadel was almost completely overrun. On the south side, Marines withstood the initial attacks from their base at the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) compound. 

     February dragged on and the infantry worked its way through the city south of the river. As their grasp tightened over the south side, commanders looked north into the Citadel. One bridge served as the primary river crossing. The Silver Bridge, as it was called by the Marines, stood over 1000 feet long and 30 feet wide. A single span closer to the north side had been blown, making it impossible to cross.

Aerial photo of Hue and Perfume River towards the beginning of the battle. The Silver Bridge, still intact, spans the river over 1000 feet across. The causeway can be seen over a smaller tributary just above the Silver Bridge. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

     Marines overcame the obstacle by calling Navy LCUs (Landing Craft Utility) to ferry Marines and vehicles across the river. Intense fire from the north side forced the LCUs to follow the Perfume River all the way around the city and offloaded personnel at the Northeast corner of the Citadel. Marines then battled south through the Citadel back towards the Silver Bridge.

     North Vietnamese dominance faltered on both sides of the river. Resistance continued throughout the city, but the Marines felt they had enough control to finally cross the Silver Bridge. Enabling this avenue of approach would provide them a huge tactical advantage and swift means of reinforcement. 

     A pontoon could be constructed for crossing the dropped span, however, the standing portion of the bridge presented great risk. A column of infantry or convoy of tanks would present a perfect target for enemy spotters monitoring the bridge, waiting to detonate explosives rigged to any other portion. The Marines had to know if more explosives were present. To get this intel, they needed a dive team. To get the dive team, they called Force Recon.

COLLATERAL DUTIES

     Scuba trained Marines conducted combat diving as a collateral duty.  These unique missions came down infrequently when compared to their long range patrols. Less than one third of the Marines in the company obtained their scuba qualification. They were needed in combat before they could receive the full regimen of recon training. Dive teams supported both the Army and Marines, performing a wide range of missions. Bridge inspections were a common task. Teams also dove river bottoms in search of lost equipment or bodies. 

Marines go over the side into San Diego Bay at scuba school in California, July 1967. Courtesy Dave Thompson.

     The most unnerving dives came when infantry units chasing an enemy soldier would observe him jump into water and never surface. Often this indicated the presence of an underwater tunnel entrance that needed to be flushed out. Divers inspecting these tunnels either waited under the water for someone to emerge, or swam into the tunnel, expecting to surface in a hole full of NVA.

     Nature itself presented many dangers facing Marines in the water. The enemy situation on the surface factored heavily as well. The greatest danger under water that could never be certain was the presence of enemy divers. NVA Naval Sappers occupied the waterways opposing the Marines. To arm themselves, divers kept their fighting knives close. Some Marines even carried privately purchased revolvers. Standard issue pistols were useless in submerged combat, but a revolver still operated. Stories surfaced of underwater gun battles, knife fights, and other horrors potentially awaiting Marines as they dove.

THE DIVE MISSION

     Back at Phu Bai on the morning of February 24th, Captain Fred Vogel received the call ordering the dive of the Silver Bridge. As company Dive Officer, Vogel was no stranger to combat diving and the hazards involved. He oversaw the diving program in addition to his other duties and taking part in the long range patrols. His first order of business was to assemble a team of scuba trained Marines that were not already out on patrol.

Capt Fred Vogel prior to departing for Hue in February 1968. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

    His first obvious selection was Sergeant Robert Hughes. Hughes held the role of Dive Noncommissioned Officer (NCO). As such, diving and maintaining the scuba gear for the unit was his primary responsibility. A giant of a man, with numerous combat dives under his belt, Sgt Hughes was the subject of several underwater horror stories floating around Force Recon.

     “There is no one I would rather have as security underwater than Sgt Hughes,” recalled Capt Vogel.

Sgt Robert Hughes with civilians in Hue. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

     Next Vogel found Corporal Dave Thompson. 21-year-old Thompson arrived in Vietnam only three weeks earlier and had just one patrol under his belt, but he was scuba trained. Thompson would later grow into his role as a recon team leader, and receive a Silver Star, but this would be his first combat dive.

     Cpl Bob Buda was another scuba trained Marine not in the bush. The 19 year old had already seen action on 10 patrols around Hue, but like Thompson, this would be his first combat dive. 

     Vogel rounded up two more divers and a Corpsman. They assembled their personal gear in an unusual fashion. Cammie paint, tiger stripe uniforms, boonie covers, and 20 magazines of ammo were standard protocol for recon. On this mission, they would actually don a flak jacket and helmet for protection in the city. Sgt Hughes collected the scuba tanks, regulators, and rubber boat they would take on the mission.

     The team gathered in the road by their truck. Capt Vogel noticed two extra faces in the group. 

     “Sgt Hughes, who are these two and what are they doing here?” he asked.

    “He’s a truck driver, and he’s a parachute rigger,” replied Hughes. 

     His answer fell flat against the Captain’s raised eyebrow, still searching for a good reason why they intended to tag along. 

     “Sir, they joined the Marines to fight and I told them they could come with us.”

     Vogel pondered for a moment. “Every Marine a rifleman,” he thought to himself. “Carry on Sergeant!”

     The nine Marines loaded up and the convoy departed for Hue.

First Force Recon Dive team at MACV Compound in Hue. Front Left to Right: LCpl William Shaw, Cpl Edward Unkel, Capt Frederick Vogel, Cpl David Thompson. Rear Left to Right: LCpl Robert Schmitt, Cpl Robert Buda, HM3 Robert Schoelkopf, Sgt Robert Hughes, Cpl Clifford Dobson. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

THE CAUSEWAY

    They reached the city limits without incident, stopping first at the city’s soccer stadium. As Vogel sought directions to the MACV compound, the rest of the team exited the truck. Unknown to them, the stadium had become a casualty collection point as well as staging area and helicopter landing zone.

     “When we pulled into the area I looked across the field and all I saw were body bags and uncovered bodies uniformly laid out,” recalled Buda. He realized the dead were not enemy soldiers. They were Marines. “I hadn’t ever seen anything like that. I’d seen plenty of dead bad guys on patrol, and had a couple guys on my team killed from time to time, but to see that many just laying out there I was shocked. I still reflect on that to this day.”

     They reached the MACV compound and immediately got to work. They discovered their orders now called for the inspection of eight different bridges, on both sides of the Perfume River, spread across the city. Their dive mission had virtually become an urban patrol, with diving included. They geared up and prepared to move out. A squad of Marines from 1st Battalion 5th Marines joined them to provide security. The grunts would help them navigate the city streets, and more importantly, secure the areas around dive sites as the vulnerable divers entered the water.

The causeway, where the dive team first attempted a bridge inspection. The dive was aborted due to the intense enemy fire taken from the pictured buildings on the north side. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

    Capt Vogel elected to first inspect a causeway further east of the Silver Bridge. Unlike other bridges in the area, the causeway was a mass of solid concrete just a few feet above the water line crossing a smaller tributary.

     The team approached the south side of the causeway and took cover in a house nearby. In the street, they noticed a sandbagged position surrounding a recoilless rifle. The infantry occupied the position to prevent unwanted company from the north. Cpls Thompson and Buda prepared to inspect the causeway. Without wetsuits, they would brave the chilly water in their skivvies.

     On the north side of the tributary, less than 200 meters away, NVA soldiers occupied buildings overlooking the causeway. Movement on the far banks grabbed their attention. They watched in disbelief as they saw what appeared to be men, all but naked except for their flak and helmet, approaching the causeway. The novelty of it all must have worn off quickly when they noticed the men carrying rifles and opened fire.

Cpl Bob Buda and Cpl Dave Thompson, in skivvies and dive booties, prepare to inspect the causeway. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

     Thompson and Buda hustled back to the house occupied by the rest of the team. Every Marine present returned fire across the river. Inaccurate mortar rounds fell in the buildings around them, and the deafening sound of recoilless rifles from both sides filled the air. 

     “I thought to myself, ‘man, I’m sure as hell glad I’m not a grunt!’” recalled Buda. “Grunts didn’t want to come to Force Recon because they through they would get killed on their first patrol. They didn’t realize that out in the bush we have superiority with cover, concealment, and surprise in our favor. These guys, on the other hand, go toe to toe with the bad guys face to face!”

     With the current enemy situation, Capt Vogel determined diving the causeway was not possible. The team’s visual inspection revealed it was structurally sound and crossable. They broke contact, along with the security element, and moved back towards the MACV Compound.

THE SILVER BRIDGE

    Vogel decided next to complete the main focus of their mission and dive the Silver Bridge. Given the length of the bridge, and number of pillars to inspect, two dive teams were needed. 

     The Marines suited up, or rather down, to enter the water. They stripped to their skivvies and put on their dive booties. These coral shoes protected their feet and fit snuggly into their fins. Each grabbed a life jacket, mask, regulator, fins and most importantly, their Kabar. Lastly, each heaved the enormous “Twin 90” scuba tanks onto their back. This 70 pound set of tanks was unheard of in civilian diving, but recon Marines trained with them and handled the load with ease.

From the south side of the river, the dropped portion of the Silver Bridge can be seen.

     Vogel and Buda paired together as the first team. Thompson and Hughes went second. The grunts established a perimeter on a traffic circle just off the south side of the bridge. From inside the position, the divers looked across 50 meters of open ground between them and the water. They would navigate this on their own. 

     The divers sprinted from cover towards the water. With dive gear in hand, and the twin 90’s weighing them down, adrenalin pumping through their blood provided their only source of speed. The sight of movement and the men in the open drew NVA fire from the opposite side. Sniper rounds cracked overhead and kicked up the dirt. The Marines back in the perimeter returned covering fire over the diver’s heads. 

     “In the years since I’ve often wondered what the NVA thought. They had guys on the other side with binoculars watching, and they see these idiots running around in the middle of a battle wearing shorts and big scuba tanks coming down to the river. Clearly they would have known what we were doing, but it must have looked so incongruous to them,” Vogel mused. “It looked incongruous to me!”

MORTARED

    The first shocking realization hit them instantly when they reached the river. The water temperature was only around 50 degrees Fahrenheit.  Without wetsuits, the Marines were chilled to their bones. Once submerged, the clarity of the water surprised them next. The Marines could see close to 20 feet. This factor alone would make it easier to inspect for explosives and detect any threats. 

     Five pillars suspended the Silver Bridge over the river. The center pillars extended over 50 feet below the water line to the bottom. Two divers visually inspected the pillars from a few feet away and investigated anything suspicious. The other two provided security for their buddy, constantly watching for booby traps, enemy divers, and any other dangers.

     No explosives were readily apparent as the Marines searched from top to bottom. Swimming deeper, they began to see tons of ordnance spread across the river bottom.

     “There were explosives and ammunition and weaponry all over, it was like an ammo dump! We saw tons of every type of projectile and thing you could dream of, but none of it was rigged to detonate on any part of the bridge,” remembered Buda.

     An hour of diving revealed no threats to the structure. The divers swam back towards the south side of the river. While Vogel and Buda finished the inspection, Thompson and Hughes exited the water. 

     “I just got out and made it about halfway back to where our gear was in a small trailer. There was still small arms fire off and on, but that’s when they started mortaring where we were diving,” remembered Thompson.

     Back under the water, the first dive team shook as the explosions vibrated down. They looked up to see bubbles like a shaken soda can, and hear the boom rumble through the water as the mortar rounds exploded on the surface. 

     “That’s one thing the NVA messed up. They should have used delayed fuses,” Vogel remarked. “Coming down straight into water like that might as well have been a brick wall. If they had used delayed fuses it might have gone down far enough to knock us out. Fortunately they didn’t think that far ahead.”

     The divers hugged the bottom of the river. The explosions above rumbled in their ears and chest as they swam until they surfaced under the bridge for cover. At the divers’ signal, the grunts back at the traffic circle opened up with everything they had. Vogel and Buda reached the perimeter unscathed. 

     With everyone back safely, they doffed their gear and returned to their flaks and helmets. They had successfully confirmed nothing was rigged to drop more of the Silver Bridge. The Infantry could now plan a crossing in force.

Capt Fred Vogel in dive attire, pictured just after returning safely to land following the dive of the Silver Bridge. The 3 other divers are also seen around the gear trailer returning to standard combat gear. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

THE CANAL

    Even though their primary mission was complete, they still had lots of work to do. It was around 1600, and Vogel wanted to inspect one more bridge before darkness fell. He decided to cross over into the Citadel where several bridges required inspection.

     The team moved quickly across the top side of the Silver Bridge, and over the makeshift pedestrian crossing erected at the downed span. They turned right and headed through the Dong Ba Market. Their target bridge crossed a canal lining the east side of the Citadel. The distant sound of gun fire and explosions grew louder and louder as they drew near. Similar to the causeway, infantry Marines already occupied defensive positions at the bridge. They were engaged in a battle with the NVA across the canal. Capt Vogel assigned Cpl Buda to inspect the bridge with him. He planned to conduct a visual inspection, having left their gear trailer back on the south side of the city.

     The canal separated the opposing forces by a mere 70 meters. Prior to the team’s arrival, the raging battle knocked out a friendly tank at the western end of the bridge. The team took shelter in a house at the corner of the intersection where the tank burned. The smell of cordite filled the air as the volume of gun fire swelled.

The third bridge inspected by the team, seen from the building where they took cover while under intense fire. Pictured in the foreground is the destroyed tank that Capt Vogel and Sgt Buda hid behind as they attempted to inspect the structure. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

    Vogel grabbed Buda and they crawled out of the building. They reached the destroyed tank and dropped behind the tracks for cover. Amidst the roar of gun fire, rockets, and mortars exploding, they could hear rounds cooking off inside the burning tank. Bullets pinging off the tank’s side prevented them from moving closer. 

     “I remember thinking, ‘what in the hell am I doing?’” said Buda. “I’m a recon guy, I’m supposed to be out in the jungle hiding in the bushes! Now I’m hiding behind a burning tank? I hadn’t ever even seen a tank before in Vietnam!  Burning tanks, guys shooting at each other with freaking cannons, are you kidding me? There’s no future in this!”

     The two Marines returned to shelter with the rest of the team. Attempting any type of inspection at this point was a death wish. 

     The forces on both sides continued pouring fire across the canal. One enemy soldier in particular harassed the Marines from a second story window. He would pop into the window, fire his automatic weapon, then drop out of sight. He maintained this routine over and over, pinning the Marines down in the house, and chipping away at the walls around them. 

     “One of the Marines with us had an M-79 grenade launcher with the stock cut off,” remembered Thompson. “He used it like a giant pistol.”

     The Marine picked a concealed spot and waited for the NVA soldier to show his face again. As soon as he did, the Marine sent one grenade at him. The perfect shot soared straight through the window and detonated.

     “I’m sure the last thing that brave young boy from Hanoi saw in his life was a rapidly expanding grenade round with USMC written all over it,” said Vogel. “We continued taking mortar fire but no more automatic weapons fire from that building.”

     In the battle’s lull, the team broke contact and returned to the Silver Bridge. They crossed back to the south side and decided to continue their mission in the morning.

The building where the dive team took cover and the destroyed tank near the 3rd bridge inspected. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

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Gear inspired by the Recon Marine.

DAY TWO

     That night at the MACV Compound, the team ran into a Marine Sergeant named Dale Dye, who invited them to his hooch for hot chow and war stories. Today Dye is the founder of Warriors, Inc., and star in numerous Hollywood features such as PlatoonSaving Private Ryan, and Band of Brothers. In Hue, he was a Combat Correspondent with the 1st Marine Division, fighting for his life with the grunts and thankful to be alive. 

     “I had commandeered a civilian house about a block away from the MACV compound,” said Dye. “We had it made at that point; a flush toilet, actual beds, a liquor cabinet, and everything else a bush beast could want.”

      Dye combined several types of C Rations into a helmet and prepared the food over a fire. For recon Marines used to living off little in the jungle, this full, hot meal was a welcomed treat.

     The Marines rose with the sun the following morning and prepared to inspect all remaining bridges. Their second day in Hue proved significantly less eventful. Periodic sniper fire kept their heads down and the occasional mortar landed in the distance. 

     Five more bridges were inspected throughout the city. The enemy situation at each location prevented divers from going into the water. All bridges were inspected visually from the ground. Some were already destroyed completely, while others appeared structurally sound.

Civilians are seen crossing one of the bridges. In the center of the bridge lies one of the many bodies littering the city. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

     As the team patrolled throughout the city, one consequence of the battle seemed omnipresent.

     Buda remembered, “There were dead civilians that hadn’t been policed up littered everywhere. That was unusual. We didn’t see things like that. The carnage of a city battle was unique to us. There were bodies all over the place.”

     Day two ended with their mission complete. All assigned bridges were inspected with no evidence of rigged explosives. The team spent one more night in Hue and returned to Phu Bai the morning of February 26th.

EPILOGUE: WHERE INDEED DO WE GET SUCH MEN?

     Less than one week later, Operation Hue City officially concluded. The NVA retreating into the surrounding hills were not home free. The Marines of First Force waited for them in the jungle

     One month of fierce fighting had passed before friendly forces controlled the city again. For recon Marines, the battle began in the jungle weeks earlier, and intensified as 1968 progressed. The 35 patrols conducted in February became 45 in March, 53 in April, and climaxed at 64 during the month of July.

     The intelligence they risked their lives to secure proved an unfortunately underutilized resource. The Tet offensive launched at the end of January came as a surprise, despite Force Recon’s numerous reports of increased activity and the enemy massing around Hue. Their specialties in warfare like patrolling and diving have been largely forgotten and undocumented in the shadows of the main infantry actions.

The destruction in Hue. In the foreground, Sgt Hughes is seen running for cover, as mortars began to fall near the team. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

Cpl Buda questions a monk at a Buddhist temple in Hue. Courtesy Fred Vogel.

    50 years later, these Marines maintain their calculated, silent professionalism. They are not the type to boast in their stories or accomplishments. For some, the dangers faced in the jungles and waters of Vietnam are still very real threats. Rare forms of cancer or other illnesses have been traced back to an exposure during their time in country. For all, every threat they faced, every patrol they survived, replays in their memories as they reflect on their youth.

     “We went into Hue because this was the greatest battle of the war, a defining moment in our history, and we wanted to be part of it,” Vogel reflects today. “Those other eight Marines on our team were magnificent.  My biggest concern was holding them back.  How am I ever going to get these guys back alive when they're aggressive to the point of madness? Men like Bob Buda, Dave Thompson, Sgt Hughes, and the others.  Where indeed do we get such men?”

     “Bob Buda always said, ‘it’s a good patrol if no one got killed,’” remembered Thompson. “I may not remember all my patrols, but no one can ever forget the bad ones. We went through a lot of purple hearts, friendships that will never end, and more brothers than any normal family.”

     Author’s Note: First Force, First to Fight. Thank you for your inspiration, and allowing me to take part in your history. May these words pay tribute to your fallen and your service. It has been my great privilege getting to know you. Semper Fidelis.

Originally published in Leatherneck Magazine, February 2018.

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